<p>Ninth Street Hill Neighborhood Historic District is a national historic district located at Lafayette, Tippecanoe County, Indiana. The district encompasses 88 contributing buildings and 6 contributing structures in a predominantly residential section of Lafayette. It developed between about 1850 and 1946 and includes representative examples of Gothic Revival, Italianate, Queen Anne, Greek Revival, and Second Empire style architecture. Located in the district is the separately listed Judge Cyrus Ball House. Other notable contributing resources include the Samuel Moore House , Moore-Porter-Boswell House , Stanley Coulter House , Edward Bohrer House , Thomas Wood House , Job M. Nash House , and Gordon Graham House .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>Park Mary Historic District is a national historic district located at Lafayette, Tippecanoe County, Indiana. The district encompasses 106 contributing buildings and 1 contributing structure in a predominantly residential section of Lafayette. It developed between about 1853 and 1950 and includes representative examples of Italianate, Queen Anne, and Bungalow / American Craftsman style architecture. Notable contributing buildings include the Thomas Hull House , Fry House , Perrin House , Fletmeyer House , Keipner House , Behm House , Greagor House , Ulrick House, John and William Levering House , Sawyer House , Lafayette Christian Reformed Church , Lincoln School , and Lafayette Armory .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>Perrin Historic District is a national historic district located at Lafayette, Tippecanoe County, Indiana. The district encompasses 173 contributing buildings and 2 contributing structures in a predominantly residential section of Lafayette. It developed between about 1869 and 1923 and includes representative examples of Italianate, Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, Stick Style / Eastlake Movement, and Bungalow / American Craftsman style architecture. Notable contributing buildings include the James Perrin House , John Heinmiller House , James H. Cable House , Adam Herzog House , Coleman-Gude House , Frank Bernhardt House , August Fisher Cottage , John Beck House , an William H. Sarles Bungalow .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>St John the Baptist Anglican Church is a heritage-listed church at Crawford Street, Richmond, Shire of Richmond, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1909 by Mr Moore of Hughenden. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 25 February 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>St John the Baptist Church, Richmond, was constructed in 1909 by Mr Moore of Hughenden.</p><br>
<p>Richmond developed in the late nineteenth century on the banks of a waterhole on the Flinders River, primarily as a service centre for the extensive merino sheep and cattle grazing pastoral activities of the region.</p><br>
<p>By 1878 the Anglican Church had established a presence in North Queensland under the leadership of George Frodsham, the Bishop of North Queensland.</p><br>
<p>In order to serve the isolated northern and western areas the members of the Anglican Synod of North Queensland proposed the establishment of the Bush Brotherhood of St James. This was probably the first time in Australia that a diocese planned to establish the Bush Brotherhood in its area. Although the proposal was approved, nothing happened until 1903 when a Bush Brother was appointed to Herberton as a mission priest. In 1909, at Cloncurry, Edward Travers Crozier was installed as head of the North Queensland Bush Brotherhood.</p><br>
<p>A report in North Queensland 1878-1958 80 Years of Anglican Progress says that the Brotherhood of St Barnabas also worked in the Richmond Parish. Despite the fact that there was no church building, Bishop Frodsham held services in a dance hall attached to a hotel and later in the Richmond Court House where he used the magistrates bench as a pulpit.</p><br>
<p>During a tour of the west in 1904 Bishop Frodsham was reported to be advising the Richmond church community about the construction of a church. In The Northern Churchman, December 1906, reference was made to the efforts of the community to double the amount of £105 in the Church Building Fund. By 1907 plans and specifications had been approved for the erection of an Anglican church at Richmond. The church was to be called after St John the Baptist and was to be erected on land donated by Thomas Cox of Hughenden.</p><br>
<p>In 1908 the Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge granted £30 towards the construction of an Anglican church at Richmond. Reverend Canon Walter Williams, returning to North Queensland from England, reported to the Richmond congregation that he had been given a silver chalice and paten for the yet-to-be-constructed church in the town. When Bishop Frodsham visited Richmond in July 1909 he dedicated the newly constructed church. Monthly services were held in the new St John the Baptist Church, with the rector travelling from Hughenden. In 1911 the Church Building Committee reported that the debt on the building was still being paid off. Further reports indicated that the congregation expected to start painting and fencing the church and also that the belfry had been erected and a bell installed. The church could boast a small organ by 1911.</p><br>
<p>By 1909 Hughenden had one priest and one deacon to serve 80,000 square miles. To overcome the shortage of priests the Anglican Synod sought young, unmarried priests from outside the region to serve in North Queensland. By 1913 a Bush Brother had been appointed to Richmond and a large room and verandah added to the vestry for his accommodation.</p><br>
<p>While the Richmond community continued to depend on sheep and cattle for its livelihood, it received a boost during World War Two when an airstrip was constructed outside the town. During the wool boom of the 1950s the Richmond district was host to large teams of shearers and station workers, creating a vibrant economy. During this period there was a building boom including the construction of Housing Commission homes. The construction of the rail extension from Hughenden to Richmond and Mt Isa in the 1960s also gave the local economy a boost.</p><br>
<p>During those years the Anglican Church continued to play a significant role in the Richmond community. A front fence and steel entrance gates were dedicated in 1951, and a steel-framed bell tower in 1981. The church building was clad with metal sheeting and two stained glass windows were added in the front facade in 1988; two stained glass windows were installed in the side walls to the sanctuary.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>St John the Baptist Anglican Church, Richmond is a small, rectangular, single-storeyed timber building with a gabled corrugated iron roof. Attached to the rear of the building is a skillion-roofed extension accommodating several rooms, and there is a skillion-roofed open verandah across the front facade. The church stands in the front half of a flat, grassed block fronting Crawford Street, which is parallel to, and one block from Goldring Street, the main street of Richmond. Apart from backing onto the commercial properties of the main street, the area has mainly residential buildings.</p><br>
<p>The church is approached via a set of decorative wrought steel gates, and a pathway flanked by two trees. To the north-west of the church is a steel bell tower.</p><br>
<p>The exterior cladding of the building is chamferboard, which has been covered with aluminium sheeting of a similar profile. The building sits on low concrete stumps.</p><br>
<p>The front entry door has two leaves with stop-chamfered rails and tongue-and-groove boarding, and decorative early iron hinges.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the nave and sanctuary combined measure approximately 7m x 9m. Most of the internal finishes of the building are silky oak, including the varnished v-jointed tongue-and-groove boards lining the walls and raked ceiling; the timber scissor trusses of the roof framing, which are exposed internally; the arch of the sanctuary; and the altar rails.</p><br>
<p>The nave is furnished with eight silky oak pews with pegged joints, and the table used as the altar is also silky oak. Mounted on the wall of the nave is a memorial board, which includes plaques commemorating the dedication of the altar rails in 1906, the gates and fence in 1951, and the bell tower in 1981.</p><br>
<p>To either side of the entry doors are two tall stained glass windows signed by Oliver Cowley and dated 1988, one depicting John the Baptist and the other the baptism of Christ. To the side walls at either side of the sanctuary are two further stained glass windows, installed in the 1990s, in commemoration of pioneering men and women.</p><br>
<p>The extension to the rear is centrally divided, with bathroom facilities added at the south-east corner. Its walls and raked ceiling are lined with fibrous cement sheets. Furniture in this extension includes wardrobes, a lectern, a bellows organ and an iron bed.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>St John the Baptist Anglican Church in Richmond was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 25 February 2000 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>St John the Baptist Church at Richmond, constructed in 1909, is important in demonstrating the expansion of the work of the Anglican Church in small western Queensland communities in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, particularly the influence of the Bush Brotherhood in establishing parishes and church buildings in remote towns.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the building, which remains highly intact, has a strong aesthetic appeal generated by the clear varnished silky oak lining boards, joinery, furniture and memorials. This interior remains important in demonstrating the aesthetic possibilities of simply-designed, small timber churches of this era.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the Bush Brotherhood movement in western Queensland.</p><br>
<p>Thursday Island Cemetery is a heritage-listed cemetery at Summers Street, Thursday Island, Shire of Torres, Queensland, Australia. It was established and includes the Japanese Cemetery and grave of the Hon. John Douglas. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Thursday Island Cemetery was established, ten years after the formation of a permanent settlement on the island. It contains hundreds of graves, including between 600 and 700 Japanese (mostly pearl-shell divers), entrepreneurs and fortune hunters of all nationalities, Torres Strait pilots, sailors and ships&#39; passengers drowned at sea, as well as generations of Thursday Islanders. The Hon. John Douglas, a former Premier of Queensland and long-term Government Resident on Thursday Island, is buried in the cemetery.</p><br>
<p>Thursday Island (Indigenous name: Wai-ben) is located within the Prince of Wales (Muralag) group, just off the northwest tip of Cape York Peninsula. Although one of the smallest of the Torres Strait Islands, Thursday Island is the principal port and administrative centre for the district. It is also Queenslands and Australias most northern town.</p><br>
<p>The original inhabitants of the Muralag islands, the Kaurareg people, shared some cultural characteristics with Cape York Aborigines and spoke the same basic Australian language, Kalaw Lagaw Ya. However, they were a maritime people who lived from harvesting the sea, shifting camp sites regularly. Wai-ben (meaning the dry island) had no permanent water supply, and no permanent Kaurareg settlement was established there.</p><br>
<p>During the first half of the 19th century British shipping began to make regular use of Torres Strait, entering into a passing trade with the Islanders. Colonial occupation commenced in the 1860s and 1870s with the arrival of beche-de-mer crews, pearl-shellers, Protestant missionaries from the southwestern Pacific, and government officials.</p><br>
<p>Queensland had no jurisdiction over the Torres Strait until its annexation in 1872 of the islands of the southern half of the Strait, a measure intended largely to protect Queensland interests in the pearl-shelling and beche-de-mer fisheries in the Strait and along the Great Barrier Reef, and to regulate the employment of South Sea Islanders in these enterprises. At annexation, Torres Strait Islanders acquired the same official status as mainland Aborigines.</p><br>
<p>The official Queensland Government settlement at Somerset on Cape York was established in 1864, but was moved in 1877 to the newly surveyed town of Port Kennedy on the southern side of Thursday Island. The new location provided a sheltered, deepwater anchorage, and was more centrally located along the main shipping route through the inner channel of Torres Strait - the principal trade route to Asia and the northern route to England. The first sale of crown land at Port Kennedy was held in April 1878. Although only sections 1-3 at the southwest end of the town (closest to the government buildings) were offered for sale, allotments in these sections were eagerly purchased by Queensland entrepreneurs.</p><br>
<p>In 1879, at British Colonial Office direction, Queensland jurisdiction was extended to the islands of the northern half of the Torres Strait. This enabled Britain to secure the Torres Strait shipping channel without having to annex New Guinea.</p><br>
<p>By 1884 Port Kennedy was the principal port for cargo and passengers being trans-shipped to Normanton, and was the hub of the pearl-shell and beche-de-mer fisheries in the Torres Strait. The town had a permanent population of about 70, and served a district of nearly 700 inhabitants. In addition, within from 3 to 50 miles of Thursday Island pearl-shell and beche-de-mer fishing stations were employing about 1500 people of all races (including significant numbers of South Sea Islanders, Japanese and Filipinos). In late 1884, for example, about 100 Japanese divers were recorded at Thursday Island. At this period about 800 or 900 tons of shell were exported annually to New South Wales, Britain and other places, and the Queensland Government was collecting substantial revenue from licenses.</p><br>
<p>A local census taken identified over 300 persons resident on Thursday Island, comprising "whites" (approximately 45%), Malays, Manilla, Chinese, Japanese, East Indian, Arabs, and "natives". Further successful sales of crown land at Port Kennedy were held in January 1885 and September 1888, and by 1890 the island&#39;s population had grown to 526, composed of Europeans, Chinese, Torres Strait Islanders and Aborigines, South Sea Islanders, Malays, Filipinos, Japanese, Singhalese, Indians, and a few Thais, Arabs and Africans. This ethnic and cultural mix characterised the communities of the Torres Strait prior to the Second World War.</p><br>
<p>With the expansion of non-government settlement on Thursday Island, the provision of a public cemetery became a necessity. It has not been established where the earliest burials on the island took place, but the earliest section of the present Thursday Island Cemetery - 8 acres along Summers and Blackall Streets, on a high ridge in the centre of the island - had been identified as a suitable site for a cemetery by January 1887. It was proclaimed as a permanent cemetery reserve on 8 July 1887, and in September cemetery Trustees were appointed. The trustees were drawn from amongst the town&#39;s principal "white" entrepreneurs. By the time the cemetery reserve was officially surveyed in February or March 1888, several interments had taken place and a track off Summers Street into the cemetery had been established. The trustees employed the same surveyor to survey the cemetery into denominational and/or nationality divisions at this time, but no record of this survey is known to have survived. In February 1888 the Trustees formed regulations and by-laws for the effective operation of the cemetery, and in mid-1888 paid nearly £100 for the construction of wire fencing on the reserve. By the end of 1889 a sign-board had been erected, and work had started on the formation of paths within the cemetery. During 1893, the Trustees had shade trees planted and further work on clearing and making cemetery paths was undertaken.</p><br>
<p>The Trustees soon found that much of the reserve was unsuitable for burial purposes, being too steep and rocky, which escalated the cost of burials and made drainage of the site difficult. In the wet season, the cemetery paths became gullies, and had to be repaired on a yearly basis. In the mid-1890s, as the population of Thursday Island increased rapidly, the Trustees requested two extensions to the cemetery reserve. On 11 July 1894 the reserve was doubled in size to 16 acres, with the addition of a strip of land about half the width of the existing cemetery reserve, which extended north to the military track (now Aplin Road) along the foreshore. This included more level, less rocky land, and also provided access along the foreshore road to the hospital on Point Vivien, in the southwest corner of the island. The reserve was expanded yet again on 29 April 1896 to 26 acres 1 rood 4 perches, when the northern boundary of the eastern half of the reserve was also extended as far as the military road. These extensions encompassed the area now known as the Japanese (Divers&#39;) Cemetery, near Aplin Road.</p><br>
<p>Japanese divers made a significant contribution to the development of the pearl-shell industry in the Torres Strait. Europeans who established the industry in the Strait in the late 1860s and early 1870s relied initially on South Sea Islander labour, who tended to dominate (often violently) the Torres Strait Islanders. In the 1870s boats equipped with helmeted apparatus for divers appeared, and in the 1880s the pearl-shellers turned to a more skilled, often more daring, and less confronting labour supply - Japanese divers (often ex-sailors) recruited principally from Hong Kong and Singapore. In the 1880s the proportion of Japanese divers in the Strait was no greater than any other ethnic group, but from 1891, when the Japanese Government removed its ban on emigration, numbers increased significantly. By 1893 the Japanese were the largest ethnic group in the Torres Strait pearl-shell industry, and completely dominated the industry between 1900 and 1940. By 1900 all the luggers built at Thursday Island were crafted by Japanese, and a "Japanese town", with boarding houses, a public bath, stores and a brothel, had been established at the eastern end of Port Kennedy. This was destroyed during the Second World War by American troops, who reputedly utilised the building materials for barracks.</p><br>
<p>The pearl-shell industry came to a halt during the Second World War when Naval authorities requisitioned most of the luggers. After the war there was a brief resurgence of the industry, but pearl-shelling declined dramatically in the 1960s when competition from the booming post-war plastics industry usurped traditional uses for pearl-shell, such as buttons and knife handles.</p><br>
<p>Pearl-shell diving was a hazardous occupation and fatalities were high. One source suggests over 1,000 divers lost their lives in Torres Strait to "the bends", from drowning or through shark attack. Thursday Island Cemetery contains between 600 and 700 graves bearing Japanese names. One authority records that most Japanese divers professed to be Anglicans, so that they could be buried at the Divers&#39; Cemetery within the Thursday Island Cemetery. Certainly there was a strong Japanese presence within the Anglican community on Thursday Island. A Japanese school had been established by the Japanese community on the Anglican church precinct in Douglas Street by 1900, and the Japanese contributed to fund-raising for building the Church of England Parish Institute (1902–03) and various additions to the Quetta Memorial Cathedral Church in the 1890s and early 1900s.</p><br>
<p>In 1979, the Monument Building Committee of Japan erected a memorial/shrine in the Thursday Island Cemetery, to honour the hundreds of Japanese who worked, lived and died in the Torres Strait between 1878 and 1941. A resident of Japan established a trust of about $100,000 to ensure the future maintenance of the Japanese gravestones.</p><br>
<p>With the expansion of the Torres Strait pearl-shell industry in the early years of the 20th century the town of Thursday Island (formerly Port Kennedy) also grew, and a further extension to the Thursday Island Cemetery was made on 9 January 1913, with the addition of about 5 acres of mostly flat, less rocky land along Aplin Road to the west, bringing the area of the reserve to 31 acres 2 roods 9 perches. This remains the current extent of the Thursday Island Cemetery reserve (12.77 hectares). The extension was intended to accommodate mostly "pagan" burials, which constituted a large proportion of burials in the Thursday Island Cemetery at this period. (Prior to 1973, all non-Christian interments were recorded as "pagan", despite the large number of other religions represented on the island including Shinto, Buddhism and Islam.) From 1912 until after the Second World War, Torres Strait Islanders were prohibited from residing on Thursday Island, which accounts for the smaller proportion of Islander graves of this period in Thursday Island Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>One of the more significant graves in the cemetery is that of the Hon. John Douglas, CMG, (1828-1904), pastoralist, Liberal politician 1863-1879 (serving as Premier of Queensland 1877-79), and administrator (Government Resident on Thursday Island 1885-86 and 1888-1904), who died on the island on 23 July 1904. He was deeply involved in developing the settlement on Thursday Island. He was an active warden in the Church of England and on 24 May 1893 laid the foundation stone of the Quetta Memorial Church. He served on various local committees, and was a Cemetery Trustee from 1889 until his death. He won the respect of the Torres Strait Islanders, who in the early 1900s funded construction of the west aisle of the Quetta Memorial Cathedral Church, dedicated in 1913 as the Douglas Memorial Chapel.</p><br>
<p>Although Thursday Island Cemetery contains hundreds of burials, the earliest of which date to at least 1887, there is no surviving record of interments prior to 1939. The Register of Interments held by Torres Shire Council starts on 31 March 1939. There are no entries between 22 July 1940 and 11 February 1948. Most Thursday Island civilians were evacuated in 1942 and did not return until 1946 or later. Thursday Island was administered by military authorities during 1942-45, and from mid-1946 to February 1948, Thursday Island Cemetery was managed by the local stipendiary magistrate. When local trustees were re-appointed early in 1948, they found that the cemetery was in poor repair, no maintenance having been carried out since 1940, and claimed £315 from the War Damage Commission to effect necessary repairs. They also discovered that the Minute Book, Cash Book and Cemetery Register to 1939, which in 1942 had been left on the island in a locked safe, were missing.</p><br>
<p>It took the Trustees some years, but by 1952 they reported that the cemetery was in good order, with fences, gates and roads repaired. The greatest difficulty was in securing grave-diggers. In the early 1960s the Trustees attempted to persuade the Thursday Island Town Council to take on the management of the cemetery, but eventually, Queensland Government officials and local priests took on the role of trustees. Despite the establishment of municipal government on Thursday Island as early as 1912, the cemetery remained the responsibility of community trustees for over a century. In 1991 Torres Shire Council assumed control of the reserve and new by-laws were gazetted.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery contains the Commonwealth war graves of four service personnel, two Royal Australian Navy sailors of World War I (in Church of England sections) and two Australian Army soldiers of World War II who are buried in adjacent graves (Nos. 1528 and 1529, Presbyterian Plot).</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Thursday Island Cemetery is a 12.77 hectare reserve located on the central northern side of the island, bounded on the south by Summers Street, from where the land slopes north/northwest down to Aplin Road. A track winds down a gully from Summers Street to Aplin Road, providing access to graves on either side. The main entrance is now from Aplin Road.</p><br>
<p>The terrain varies from steeply sloping in the southern section to flat in the northern section. The ground consists of clay and granite, and the surface is extremely rocky. Vegetation is predominantly indigenous, with Eucalypts and other native trees providing light tree coverage throughout the reserve, most densely along the eastern ridge. Native grasses provide a dense ground cover over most of the reserve, restricting access to the graves, particularly during the wet season, when the grass is long. In addition, some areas on the western side of the track are overgrown with bean tree (Leucaena sp.), which prevents access at any time of the year. The newer sections of the cemetery have a few specimen trees and shrubs such as frangipani (Plumeria rubra), Hibiscus (Hibiscus sinensis) and Crotons (Codiaeum variegatum).</p><br>
<p>The grave furnishings in the cemetery are diverse in design and materials - the latter including timber, polished granite, marble, sandstone, early cast iron, and later concrete and tiles. The variety of materials used in grave marking reflect social attitudes to death, the availability of materials, cultural and religious backgrounds, and the changing socio-economic conditions of local residents. Early headstones in the cemetery were imported from well known monumental masons in southern centres, mostly from Melrose and Fenwick (Townsville), but also from firms such as John Petrie and J Clements of Brisbane. Designs include columns, obelisks, desks and upright slabs, generally with the more elaborate decoration found on early Catholic graves. There is also a range of Christian cross designs.</p><br>
<p>Some of the earlier graves have iron railing grave surrounds, or evidence of where this was used. The majority of graves, both marked and unmarked, retain their numeric metal cemetery markers. Most of the early graves face east, as is traditional in European burial grounds. However, graves in the Japanese pearl-divers&#39; section and most of the more recent graves, tend to face west.</p><br>
<p>More recent graves have elaborate decorative tiling on a concrete base, and are extremely colourful. Placing a permanent photograph of the deceased on the headstone is also very popular. These graves are illustrative of a genre of grave marking which has emerged from the unique ethnic and cultural mix to which the Torres Strait islands have been subject since the 1870s. Although most Islanders are Christians, they have incorporated what is believed to be a traditional (pre-1870s) mortuary rite, the tomb-opening ceremony, within their current religious practices. This ceremony occurs 12 months or more after a burial, at which time the grave markings are installed. Throughout the year there is evidence of tombstone openings in the form of decorations remaining after opening, tombstones wrapped and covered awaiting opening, or newer graves with wooden roofing constructed over them awaiting opening.</p><br>
<p>Early graves appear to be grouped according to religion or ethnicity, but a clear picture of the original cemetery layout is not possible. Little early documentation survives, parts of the site are inaccessible, and much of the remainder is so overgrown that the identification of graves, iron markers and headstones is difficult. A conservation plan for the Thursday Island Cemetery, completed in May 2000, identified 21 distinct groupings of graves (Areas A-T), but there were sections of the reserve which were inaccessible at time of survey, and unable to be recorded.</p><br>
<p>From what can be discerned, the original layout of Thursday Island Cemetery reflects the social structure and hierarchical patterns established on Thursday Island in the late 19th century, with the most influential social groups located at the top of the hill near Summers Street, and the least influential located near Aplin Road on the flats.</p><br>
<p>The southern and highest end of the cemetery was the earliest section of the reserve to be established. On this section, at the top of the hill adjacent to Summers Street and overlooking Ellis Channel (Area L), are the graves of some of Thursday Island&#39;s early European "elite", including the Hon. John Douglas, Premier of Queensland 1877-79 and long-term Government Resident on Thursday Island 1885-86 and 1888-1904, who died on the island in 1904. His grave is marked by a tall obelisk in polished blue granite. All the graves in this area face east.</p><br>
<p>On the southern and western slopes of this hill, closer to Summers Street, is the original Protestant section (most likely mainly Anglican), which includes the earliest metal cemetery plot marker (Area M). There were burials in this section from at least 1887, and the earliest marked graves date to the late 1800s and early 1900s. Also in this section of the cemetery is an early monument to seven pilots in the Queensland Pilot Service who died in the Strait between 1894 and 1917. Some of the graves on the western slope of this hill face west, and those on the southern slope mostly face south. The conservation plan records evidence of a track leading west around the hill and providing access to graves in the area, which is now overgrown and inaccessible.</p><br>
<p>The early Catholic burial ground is located a little further down the hill, to the west of the cemetery track, in the steep southwest section of the cemetery (Area N). Graves here face east. Most have concrete grave surrounds, and many also have metal railings embedded in the concrete. Most have marble headstones, crosses or cairns. Much of this section is overgrown and access is difficult, but at the crest of the hill are the graves of at least three Catholic nuns, and these appear to have been specially maintained. A marble memorial to William Conroy, a Senior Constable of Police who died in the line of duty in 1895, has also been maintained. Two of the most prominent and decorative of the Catholic headstones are those marking the graves of Thomas and Ellen McNulty, who established the Thursday Island Hotel in 1879, and who were important in the establishment of the Catholic Church on Thursday Island in the 1880s.</p><br>
<p>On the steep slopes east of the cemetery access track, still in the southern part of the reserve but north of the Protestant section near Summers Street, are a large number of overgrown graves, mostly of Japanese origin (Area K). Some have granite cairns engraved with Japanese lettering. Still on the eastern side of track, but further toward the centre of the cemetery and closer to the track, are the graves of Muslim Indonesians and Malays, and some Torres Strait Islanders (Areas I-J). These are on relatively flat land and are generally well maintained. Wherever Muslim or Shinto burials have taken place, there are likely to be offerings of food and toys.</p><br>
<p>Graves in the central section of the cemetery, on flatter but still elevated and sloping land, and on both sides of the access road, are predominantly Christian, both European and Islander (Areas E-G, O-Q). There are no immediately discernible denominational divisions, but family groupings are evident. Area P is inaccessible due to an infestation at bean tree (Leucaena sp.). Area H, adjacent to the Christian graves on the eastern side of the access track in the central part of the cemetery, contains a small grouping of graves which appear to be of Islamic origin. Two early graves in this section face east.</p><br>
<p>Closer to the northern end of the cemetery reserve, on gently sloping land east of the access track, is a section of mainly early 1900s European graves (Area D). The denomination is not evident. Two substantial stone cairns have been built here in memory of two servicemen. These have concrete grave surrounds with artillery shells standing at each corner. The majority of graves in this section retain their metal cemetery marker.</p><br>
<p>North of this area, still on the eastern side of the track, is a section of older European graves mixed with later mostly Islander graves (Area C). All graves face west. The graves in the southern and eastern sections of this area are inaccessible due to an infestation of bean tree (Leucaena sp.) To the north of Area C is a grouping of more recent, mostly Torres Strait Islander Christian graves. This area is very well maintained.</p><br>
<p>At the northeast end of the reserve, on the flat land beside Aplin Road, is the Japanese pearl-shell divers&#39; burial ground (Area A). This area is reasonably well maintained. Most of the graves in this section have raised mounds covered with stone, concrete, or a combination of both. Many are marked with granite or concrete columns, usually consisting of three sections, and a few have European-style marble and concrete headstones. Graves without such markers are marked either with wooden posts painted white with Japanese characters lettered in black; or with unpainted timber posts with engraved inscriptions of Japanese characters. A few graves remain as mounds but are otherwise unmarked. On some of the Japanese graves are small concrete birdcages, housing food for the spirits of the departed divers, and on some graves, frangipani (Plumeria rubra) have been planted. The majority of graves in this area contain a metal cemetery grave marker.</p><br>
<p>To the northwest are the graves of mainly Torres Strait Islanders (Areas R-T). The most recent graves are located here, in Area B and in some of the central sections of the reserve, and generally are well maintained. However, there is a dense infestation of bean tree (Leucaena sp.) in Area S, on the western side of the access track.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Thursday Island Cemetery (incorporating the Japanese Cemetery & the Grave of the Hon. John Douglas) was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>Thursday Island Cemetery, established and still open for interments, is important in illustrating the rich diversity of culture and custom on Thursday Island and in the Torres Strait in general, which is one of the most ethnically diverse parts of Queensland. The cemetery contains the graves of hundreds of people from many nationalities, cultures and religious backgrounds (including Christianity, Buddhism, Shinto and Islam). The large Japanese (Divers&#39;) Cemetery within the reserve is illustrative the role of the Japanese in the development of the pearl-shell industry in the Torres Strait, the dangerous nature of this work, and the close cultural and economic connections which the people of the Torres Strait have had with the sea and maritime industries.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&apos;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>Thursday Island Cemetery is significant as a unique historical record, illustrating important aspects of the island&#39;s history including its pearling industry, the First and Second World Wars, its social structure from the late 19th century, and attitudes towards religion and burial practices. The names on the headstones in the cemetery illustrate the high degree of ethnic intermarriage in the Strait since the 1870s. The degree of cultural diversity and the existence of a substantial and early Japanese Cemetery within the reserve is rare in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>The place has potential to reveal further information about the history of this most northern part of Queensland, and of late 19th century cemetery layouts, particularly if the ground cover were cleared to reveal the full extent and diversity of burials and burial customs.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The place has strong aesthetic appeal, engendered by the variety and detail of the headstones and other grave markers which range from the 1880s to the present day (contemporary Islander graves are particularly colourful and dynamic), and the romantic island setting, with views to the water from most parts of the reserve.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The place is highly valued by the community of Thursday Island and by those outside of the community who have relatives buried in the cemetery. It is also a popular tourist destination.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>The place is significant as the resting place of a former Queensland Premier and Government Resident of Thursday Island, the Hon. John Douglas (1828-1904), whose grave is located at the top of the highest hill in the cemetery, overlooking Ellis Channel and the islands of the southern Torres Strait. The cemetery contains a number of other significant memorials, including a large monument to the Japanese, and an early memorial to Torres Strait pilots who lost their lives in the execution of their duties.</p><br>
<p>Our Lady of the Sacred Heart Church is a heritage-listed Roman Catholic church at 120 Douglas Street, Thursday Island, Shire of Torres, Queensland, Australia. It was built from to. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 7 December 1998.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Our Lady of the Sacred Heart Church at Thursday Island was erected by French and Italian priests of the Mission of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart, who had arrived on the island in October 1884. On Thursday Island they established the first Catholic mission in the Torres Strait, erecting there a small church. If this is the existing church (which is not substantiated), it is the oldest surviving building on Thursday Island. Photographic evidence suggests that by, the church had acquired its present form and concrete footings. Queensland had no jurisdiction over the islands of the Torres Strait until annexing them in 1872, largely to protect Queensland interests in the pearl-shelling and beche-de-mer fisheries in the Strait, and to regulate the employment of South Sea Islanders in these enterprises. With annexation, Torres Strait Islanders acquired the same status as mainland Aborigines, and the official Queensland Government settlement at Somerset on Cape York Peninsula (established 1864) was moved in 1877 to Port Kennedy at Thursday Island. The new location provided a sheltered, deepwater anchorage, and was more centrally located along the main shipping route through the inner channel of Torres Strait - the principal trade route to Asia and the northern route to England. The island was known to the Kaurareg, a maritime people who inhabited the off-shore islands near Cape York, as Wai-ben.</p><br>
<p>By early 1884 Port Kennedy had emerged as the principal port for cargo and passengers being trans-shipped to Normanton, and was the hub of the pearl-shell and beche-de-mer fisheries in the Torres Strait. The permanent population was about 70, and it serviced a district of nearly 700 inhabitants. In addition, within from 3 to 50 miles of Thursday Island pearl-shell and beche-de-mer fishing stations were employing about 1500 people of all races (including significant numbers of South Sea Islanders, Japanese and Filipinos). At this period about 800 or 900 tons of shell were exported annually to New South Wales, Britain and other places, and the Queensland Government was collecting substantial revenue from licenses.</p><br>
<p>The Mission of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart had been founded in France by Fr Louis Andre Navarre, Dean of Bourges, in the 1860s, and was approved of as a religious congregation by the Holy See in 1869. In March 1881 Pope Leo XIII requested that the Sacred Heart Fathers establish a mission in New Guinea, within the Vicariate Apostolic of Melanesia and Micronesia. Like the protestant evangelists who had arrived in the Torres Strait in the early 1870s, the Sacred Heart Fathers decided to facilitate their entry into New Guinea by establishing a mission in Torres Strait, to serve as a stop-over station and link between the Society&#39;s missions on the Australian mainland and their proposed mission in New Guinea.</p><br>
<p>On 24 October 1884 the first three Sacred Heart missionaries - Fr Louis Andre Navarre, Fr Ferdinand Hartzer, and Br Giuseppe de Santis - arrived at Thursday Island, soon to be joined by two more fathers and three young Italian brothers. Initially, Sunday mass was held at McNulty&#39;s Hotel (later the Federal Hotel), the congregation comprising mostly Filipino pearl-shell fishers (Manilla Men). At Christmas the Filipinos came in their hundreds to attend mass and seek confession.</p><br>
<p>In January 1885 Frs Navarre and Hartzer purchased allotment 4 of section 4 (2 roods) in Port Kennedy for £6, at the first sale of crown land on Thursday Island. By February 1886 they had erected a small church and a dwelling house. By December 1886, Our Lady of the Sacred Heart mission at Thursday Island comprised three buildings, all constructed by the Italian brothers: a small, unpretentious iron church, some little distance up the hill, to one side of this a small convent accommodating four Sisters, and to the other a presbytery which also served as a sanatorium for fever-stricken and debilitated priests from New Guinea and other islands. It is not clear whether the church is the existing church.</p><br>
<p>From 1884 to 1889 Our Lady of the Sacred Heart mission at Thursday Island was the point of departure for all the Catholic missions - French, German, Swiss and other nationalities - in British New Guinea and New Britain. After 1889 the German Missionaries went directly to New Britain but the French continued to stop over at Thursday Island before going to their New Guinea mission headquarters at Yule Island. Later they went via Port Moresby. The first Sisters of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart arrived at Thursday Island in January 1886 and a year later opened a small school on the verandah of the convent. Not until was a purpose-designed schoolhouse erected. In the late 1880s the Sisters also established Thursday Islands first and only hospital, until a government hospital was constructed. In 1889 the Sacred Heart missionaries also erected St Henrys Roman Catholic Asylum, a charitable institution conducted by the Sacred Heart Sisters, who offered board and education to children of every race and denomination within the Vicariates of New Guinea and New Britain. This was closed in 1942, reopened briefly in 1948, and in 1961-62 was converted to house Our Lady of the Sacred Heart School, the school building being abandoned. In 1973 a new Sacred Heart school was constructed.</p><br>
<p>In 1889 the Vicariate Apostolic of Melanesia and Micronesia was divided into the Vicariates of British New Guinea (later Papua), New Britain and Gilbert Islands. Thursday Island was placed under the Vicariate Apostolic of British New Guinea, Fr Louis Andre Navarre being appointed the first Vicar Apostolic and consecrated Bishop. Archbishop Navarre devoted the remainder of his life to his work in the Vicariate Apostolic of British New Guinea. Owing to age and ill health he resigned his position in 1908, Father Alain Guynot de Boismenu succeeding him. By the time of his death in January 1912 (at Townsville, en route south from New Guinea) the New Guinea Mission of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart was served by 25 missionaries, 21 lay brothers, and 38 sisters; they had opened 38 schools and two orphanages; 28 stations had been established, each provided with churches, schools and residences; and from the central station on Yule Island, 78 villages were regularly visited and instructed.</p><br>
<p>The work of the Sacred Heart missionaries on Thursday Island was expanded in the 1920s and 1930s. In 1927 Father J Doyle was appointed Parish Priest on Thursday Island. He obtained permission from the Queensland Department of Native Affairs to establish a mission on Hammond Island (then without a resident population) to service the pearl-shell divers and their families in the area, and this was opened in 1929. In 1935 a mission church was erected on Naghir Island, about 30 miles from Thursday Island, but this had been demolished by white ants by the early 1940s.</p><br>
<p>In 1935 David Sing, born at Thursday Island in 1911, painted the trompe l&#39;oeil murals on the rear wall of the sanctuary of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart Church, and on the front of the altar. David became a lay missionary at the age of 17, and painted religious works in Catholic churches at Thursday Island, Port Moresby and Tully. (The Tully work, a painting on canvas hung behind the altar, no longer survives.) He studied with JS Watkins in Sydney, and was early influenced by the French Impressionist School, before entering the Trappist Order in the United States, where he studied at the Chicago Art Institute. About 1949 he entered the Carthusian Order in Italy - the first Australian to be ordained into the Order - and studied art in Paris and Rome. His paintings proved an important source of income for the Carthusians, and were collected by persons as prominent as Jaqueline Onassis and Patricia Nixon. In the late 1970s, during a 3-year visit to Australia, he painted portraits of a number of prominent Australians, including author Xavier Herbert and thalidomide researcher Dr William G McBride (both these portraits were entered in the Archibald Prize competition of 1977). Sing also held an exhibition of landscapes, still-life and portraits in Sydney in 1978.</p><br>
<p>In 1938 the Sacred Heart Mission in the Torres Strait was transferred from the Vicariate Apostolic of Papua (formerly British New Guinea) to the Diocese of Darwin, becoming a Mission of the Australian Province. It remained within the Diocese of Darwin until transferred to the Diocese of Cairns in 1967, after which the parish was no longer staffed by Sacred Heart priests, but by Cairns Diocesan clergy. Since 1968, Sacred Heart school on Thursday Island has been run by Sisters of Mercy from Cairns. With the transfer to the Cairns Diocese in 1967, Weipa and Bamaga on Cape York Peninsula were annexed to the Thursday Island Mission, although Bamaga had been serviced from Thursday Island for some years prior to this. In 1982 Weipa separated from Thursday Island parish, which currently comprises the missions at Thursday Island (Waibene), Hammond Island (Kiriri), Horn Island (Nurupai) and Bamaga.</p><br>
<p>In 1983 the flat-iron spire of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart Church on Thursday Island was replaced with a fibreglass copy as the first phase of a centenary renovations programme. The roof was reclad in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Our Lady of the Sacred Heart Church is a substantial timber building with a gabled roof clad with galvanised iron, and concrete foundations. It is sited prominently in Douglas Street on the slope leading up to the east-west ridge which runs the length of the island, and from the water approach, is a conspicuous element in the Thursday Island townscape. It sits within a precinct which includes the Catholic presbytery, Our Lady of the Sacred Heart convent and school, and teacher&#39;s residence.</p><br>
<p>The building is rectangular in shape (no transepts) with a small front porch and side verandahs, and rear vestry. The timber frame is lined with single-skin chamferboards on the side walls, but the front wall, which is exposed to the weather, has an exterior weatherboard cladding. The vestry has been clad externally with fibrous-cement sheeting. The church is raised above the ground on concrete piers, and the undercroft is enclosed with concrete walling.</p><br>
<p>The front elevation faces south-east, and is distinguished by a fibreglass spire - a copy of the original. The centrally located front door, the windows either side of the door, and the window in the gable infill, all have Gothic arches. Similarly shaped windows are located along each side wall. All the windows are multi-paned and have bright red and blue glass in the arch infill, and the windows and french doors nearest the sanctuary also have large panels of green glass. One of the front windows has panes of bright yellow glass.</p><br>
<p>The grounds are terraced with rubble stone retaining walls. Four flights of concrete steps lead from the lower terrace to the upper terrace and up to the front door of the church.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the building comprises one large space rectangular divided into nave and sanctuary, with chamferboard ceiling and walls. At the rear of the nave above the front entrance is a choir loft, accessed from a staircase in the southern corner. The choir loft has a decorative cast iron railing and fine timber work. A painted timber confessional is located at the rear of the nave, to the right of the main entrance. On either side of the nave, close to the sanctuary, is a set of french doors opening onto the side verandahs. The ceiling is lined with chamferboards.</p><br>
<p>The floors are of timber, that of the sanctuary being raised about 60 cm above the floor of the nave, and accessed by two steps running the width of the floor. The railing which once separated sanctuary from nave has been removed. The sanctuary has a fine carved timber altar. The whole of the rear wall of the sanctuary is lined with sheeting and has a painted trompe loeil mural painted in 1935. There is similar trompe loeil work on the front of the altar. Above the altar in the rear wall is a circular window with painted glass. Two doors in the rear wall, one either side of the altar, lead to the vestry at the rear.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Our Lady of the Sacred Heart Church was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 7 December 1998 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>Our Lady of the Sacred Heart Church at Thursday Island, erected in the late 19th century, survives as important evidence of early European missionary activity in the Torres Strait. It also offers important evidence of the development of the island as the hub of the Torres Strait and gateway to New Guinea in the late 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>The place has potential to reveal valuable information about the early work of Thursday Island-born artist, David Sing, who achieved international status with his traditionalist oil paintings.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The building remains substantially intact and is a good example of a late 19th century timber church with decorative Gothic elements and (less commonly) side verandahs. It retains many early fittings and fixtures, including the choir loft, pews, altar, decorative fretwork, the 1930s painted trompe l&#39;oeil murals on the sanctuary wall and altar, and statuary which integrates with the wall mural to re-inforce the three-dimensional effect.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The exterior with its decorative verandahs, porch and spire is aesthetically pleasing, and the place is a prominent landmark in the Thursday Island townscape. The place has a strong and special religious significance with a mainly islander community for cultural and spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong and special religious significance with a mainly islander community for cultural and spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>It has a close association with the work in the Torres Strait and New Guinea of the Order of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart, a Catholic congregation founded in France in the 1860s, and in particular with their founder, Fr Louis Andre Navarre; and with the early work of artist David Sing.</p><br>
<p>Green Gables, also known as the Wells House, is a historic home at 1501 South Harbor City Boulevard in Melbourne, Florida, United States. The house fronts the Indian River. Local business man William T. Wells purchased the Strobah property and built the Green Gables in 1886 with his wife Nora Stanford Wells as a winter home. Green Gables is an example of Queen Anne style architecture, and it is believed to be the first home in the area with indoor plumbing and an indoor bathroom. Green Gables was scheduled for demolition in 2015, but a group of local historians worked with the owners, fourth generation family members, to save the house due to its historical significance to the area.</p><br>
<h2>William Twining Wells</h2><br>
<p>Wells was from New Jersey and New York, and owned the Wells Rustless Iron Company. Wells managed a pineapple plantation on the beach. He also donated the land for a local park named Wells Park.</p><br>
<p>The Vinalhaven Public Library is the public library serving the island community of Vinalhaven, Maine. It is located at 6 Carver Street in downtown Vinalhaven, in a small architecturally distinguished Prairie School building built in 1906 with financial support from Andrew Carnegie. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and history</h2><br>
<p>The Vinalhaven Public Library stands near the eastern end of Vinalhavens commercial downtown area, at the junction of Carver, Chestnut, and Main Streets. The building is a single-story structure, built out of quarry-faced granite and covered by a hip roof. The roof has extended eaves with exposed rafters, with a chimney rising near the left wall. The main entrance is in the center of the facade facing Carver Street, recessed under a round arch in a projecting section topped by a flat parapet. A high stringcourse runs beneath a narrow band of square windows on either side of the entrance. The interior has a central librarians desk with flanking reading rooms, and original wooden shelving on the walls.</p><br>
<p>Vinalhavens public library originated in 1887, when Governor Joseph R. Bodwell, owner of one of Vinalhavens granite quarries, made a pledge to provide space for a library if funds were raised to establish one. A private circulating library was added to this early collection in 1890, and was established in Vinalhaven&#39;s Memorial Hall in 1895. The present building was constructed in 1906, funded in part by a grant from Andrew Carnegie. It was designed by the firm of George A. Clough and Herbert L. Wardner, and is the only Prairie School library design in the state.</p><br>
<p>Thursday Island Customs House is a heritage-listed customs house at 2 Victoria Parade, Thursday Island, Shire of Torres, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Harold Barker and built in 1938. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 7 February 2005.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This two stored masonry and stucco building was constructed on Thursday Island for the Australian Government&#39;s Customs Department in 1938. It was designed by the head architect of the Commonwealth Department of Works, Harold Barker, and replaced an earlier customs house built in 1885.</p><br>
<p>Thursday Island can lay claim to unique long-term historical, cultural and strategic links with the nation&#39;s heritage. The island was first known as "Waiben Island" to the indigenous people of the region, who did not permanently inhabit the island to any great extent. Europeans first visited the area in March 1606, in the Dutch ship "Duyfken". A Spanish voyage visited soon after, followed by Captain Cook, Bligh and Flinders in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.</p><br>
<p>The islands in the Torres Strait were annexed by the colonial government of Queensland in 1872. The northern-most town on the mainland at the time was Somerset, established in 1861. This settlement was abandoned in 1877 in favour of a settlement on Thursday Island. There was great hope for growth of this settlement as it was a vital link in the shipping routes between Australia and Asia and England, and served the pearl-luggers and the beche-de-mere harvesters which thrived in the area. There is also evidence that the settlement was established to provide a government presence in the region to stall imperialist tendencies of the Germans and the French in the late nineteenth century.</p><br>
<p>It was of strategic importance at this time, for the colonial government (and later the Federated colonies) to establish a chain of customs control points at all the main harbours along the coastline. The customs service was responsible for the collection of duties in Australia, which provided funds for the necessary infrastructure in the early settlements. Each of the colonies were furnished with a Customs service upon responsible government from the 1850s and onwards, which provided an important source of revenue, including the imposition of duties on goods traded between colonies. The collection of Customs was consequently central to the development of the colonial governments, and was an important mechanism by which the colonies conducted their affairs. Upon Federation the collection of Customs became a Commonwealth responsibility.</p><br>
<p>Customs service records indicate that in 1877 a "Port of Entry and Clearance" was gazetted at Thursday Island on 24 November. Mr H.M. Chester was appointed Customs Sub-Collector and Harbour Master in 1877 and by 1884 the port was gazetted as a warehouse facility. "The port flourished in its early years and a staff of up to six officers was necessary. In 1885 the first Customs House was erected at a cost of &pound;797. In 1890 the Sub-Collectors residence was built at a cost of &pound;1,076." The building was constructed of timber on a platform on short stumps. It was single storeyed, with a verandah on all sides and contained a public counter and "long room" office, a private Sub-Collectors office and a public office with cashiers window. This Customs House was located on the corner of Douglas and Hastings streets. Accommodation for a growing staff was provided by removing four cottages from Sea Hill near Rockhampton to Thursday Island in 1895. A Tidewaiters cottage was built in 1897.</p><br>
<p>The main activity in the port was pearl handling. There were numerous Asian and Japanese pearl luggers active in the waters of Torres Strait and it was the customs officers&#39; duty to track and control these and the many trading vessels which stopped at Port Kennedy to refuel with coal, trade and bring immigrants. The ports activities can be gauged from the fact that revenue for the financial year 1879/80 was £2,493 while twenty years later in 1899/1900 it had grown to £19,411. After World War I, the pearling industry quickly returned to its former activity level with sixty luggers active in the Strait. Customs records show reference to "... the important port of Thursday Island, with its timber Customs House, provided a major gateway to Australia, often being the first port of call for ships from Asia."</p><br>
<p>In 1938 the importance of the port was confirmed once again when a new two storey Customs House was erected. Built of brick and concrete, its ground floor served as the customs office while the second storey served as the sub-collectors residence. The building cost £9,860 and was one of the most prominent landmarks on the island. It was located on the land directly beside the original timber customs house which was then removed.</p><br>
<p>Shortly after construction of the new customs house in 1939, war was declared. At the end of January 1942, Thursday Island was evacuated of its non-essential inhabitants. Stores were closing and the Customs officers now had to "do our own cooking, housework, washing, messages if we require anything, nothing is delivered." Gauld reported that "the office work has fallen to practically nil and will probably remain at that from now on." Late in 1942 the military, now in command of the Torres Strait, took control of the Customs House and used it as the residence for the Commander of the Torres Force for the remainder of World War II.</p><br>
<p>The Customs House returned to the Customs Service in 1946 when military control of Thursday Island was relinquished. The building had stood empty for some months since the Torres Force Commander left it in 1945. Early in 1946, the Sub-Collector for Cairns, M.J. Ryan, visited Thursday Island to inspect the buildings and general situation. He noted, " number of indentured Malay people continue to live in Thursday Island and the place is often an open door to the East." He was also of the opinion that an officer should be detailed for duty at Thursday Island to look after the Customs interests, perform immigration duties and provide facilities under the Navigation Act and Merchant Shipping Act.</p><br>
<p>Over the years the Customs Service on Thursday Island has been involved in the various Customs duties as determined by the Governments of the day. During the years since the military&#39;s occupation of the building in World War II, the Customs House was used continuously by the Australian Customs Service until it passed out of Commonwealth ownership. The building remains a landmark on the island, being one of the few non-timber buildings constructed there.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Thursday Island is one of the many tropical islands in the region known as Torres Straight, lying between the northern tip of Cape York and the New Guinea coast. The Thursday Island Customs House occupies a prominent site in the township of Thursday Island, located on the southern coastline of the island. The Customs House is a two stored masonry building, located fronting Victoria Parade, and bordered by Hastings and Jetty streets. The Government Jetty and Engineers Jetty lie nearby. The building remains a landmark on the island, being one of the few non timber buildings constructed there.</p><br>
<p>The former Thursday Island Customs House follows the Neo-Georgian style of the 1930s. The double-storey rendered masonry building has projecting balconies at the front and back and a hipped terracotta tile roof, executed on a domestic scale. The windows have timber shutters, a common tropical motif.</p><br>
<p>The plan form of this building is typical of the customs houses of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century period in Queensland. The focus of the building was the Long Room where business was transacted. This is located in the centre of the ground floor which is entered through the front of the building. Smaller offices are located around this room, including an office for the sub-collector, the person in charge of the operations at the port. On the first floor was the sub-collector&#39;s residence, with bedrooms, living areas, and other rooms.</p><br>
<p>The arcades and balconies fulfilled further purposes apart from satisfying the symmetry and formality desired. Upstairs, the balcony provided a protected yet airy living space, necessary in the tropical climate. Double doorways from the internal rooms often opened onto the balcony, admitting cool breezes. Timber shutters to the openings of the balcony have been installed in the Thursday Island Customs House.</p><br>
<p>Stripped Classical was a style that retained the important classical elements such as symmetry of massing and elevations, while acknowledging the effect of modernism in design. The buildings of this style were recognisably classical buildings which were however stripped of much of the ornament usually associated with this type of building. Where ornament was applied it was often in the form of Art Deco.</p><br>
<p>The extent of grounds around the three street frontages of the Customs House allows uninterrupted views of the substantial building, enhancing the status and presentation of the building in the streetscape. The grounds are predominantly flat, comprising open lawns with a few mature trees and a line of tall palms giving added distinction to the substantial building. A concrete path extends from the front entry porch steps straight to a gate in the boundary fence. There is a path along the front of the building. Garden beds fill the space from the base of the walls to this path. The path extends to a small square of concrete paving in the eastern lawn in which a flag pole and small cannon have been placed. Paths extend from the two side entrances to gates at the boundaries.</p><br>
<p>In massing and proportion, the Thursday Island Customs House is similar to the Cairns Customs House.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Thursday Island Customs House was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 7 February 2005 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>The former Thursday Island Customs House is important in illustrating the evolution of Queensland&#39;s history as it is evidence of an official government activity in a remote location such as Thursday Island. It has further significance as a site of strategic importance to colonial and national governments. The Customs House is also a reflection of the importance of the island as a "gateway" to the colony of Queensland, and later the Commonwealth of Australia.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The place is a good example of the stripped Classical style of institutional architecture pursued by the Commonwealth Department of Works in the interwar period.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The Thursday Island Customs House has aesthetic significance for the quality of its design, in particular the way it accommodates the climate of North Queensland; and for its contribution to the Thursday Island environment as one of the largest buildings, and as one of the few non-timber buildings on the island. The aesthetics of the Thursday Island Customs House is strengthened by its settings, including tropical plantings.</p><br>
<p>The Jeffrey House is a historic house on North Street in Chester, Vermont. Built in 1797, it is one of Vermonts small number of surviving Georgian style houses. It was built by the son of one of the areas early settlers, and originally served as a tavern. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Jeffrey House stands just north of Chester&#39;s Stone Village, set back about 200 ft from the east side of Vermont Route 103. It is a two-story wood frame structure, with a hip roof and wooden shingle siding. It is set in the side of a shallow hill, and its basement, partly rubblestone but finished on the west side in brick, is entirely exposed on the front facade. It is covered by a hip roof, with two interior chimneys. The front facade is five bays wide, with a former entrance at the center of the basement level (now boarded over) flanked by sidelights. Windows in the outer bays are sash, with simple surrounds, while the windows above the entrance are Palladian three-part windows with rounded centers. The interior follows a typical Georgian central hall pattern, with a center hall flanked by two rooms on each side on the ground floor. It varies from the pattern with a large ballroom extending in front of the chimneys on the second floor.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1797 by Jabez Sargent Jr., whose father was one of Chesters first settlers. Chester was incorporated as New Flamsted in 1763, and was in 1766 designated the county seat of Cumberland County, New York (Vermont then being disputed territory between the Province of New York and the Province of New Hampshire). Local oral tradition holds that the house is built on the site of the countys first courthouse and jail. The house originally served as a tavern, situated on one of the major routes between Boston and Montreal. It is one of Vermont&#39;s few Georgian buildings, a style that was at the time of its construction already fading in fashion. Although it is built to a large size (befitting its use as a tavern), it lacks many of the high-style features often found in large Georgian houses.</p><br>
<p>All Saints Anglican Church is a heritage-listed church at Darnley Island, Torres Strait Island Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1919 to 1938. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first missionaries, representing the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, arrived at the newly established settlement of Somerset, Cape York Peninsula, in March 1867, followed by the London Missionary Society in July 1871. The London Missionary Society arrived at Saibai Island in July 1871. The first substantial building for Christian worship was constructed in 1881. This was replaced by the Holy Trinity Church, on which construction began about 1919 and was completed by about 1938.</p><br>
<p>The first Christian missionary in the Torres Straits, Rev F.C. Jagg, was appointed on behalf of the "Society for the Propagation of Gospel in Foreign Parts", and arrived in Somerset with his family on 15 March 1867. A young English schoolteacher, W.T. Kennett, funded by the Queensland Government to establish a school at Somerset, arrived with Rev Jagg and started a mission school on 1 October 1867. A lack of funding, lack of support from the government administration and dismay at the brutality of the police meant that the mission was closed by June 1868.</p><br>
<p>In 1871 the London Missionary Society arrived in the Torres Straits on the vessel HMS Surprise, after the French Government had demanded their removal from the Loyalty Islands and New Caledonia in 1869. They decided to expand into the Torres Straits and New Guinea. They were represented by 2 Englishmen, Revs S. MacFarlane and A.W. Murray, 8 Lifu (Loyalty Islander) evangelists, Tapeso, Elia, Mataika, Guchong, Kerisidui, Wauaded, Sevine and Josaia, and their wives.</p><br>
<p>The missionaries arrived at Erub (Darnley Island) on 1 July 1871, an event that came to be known as the "Coming of the Light". Dabad, one of the tribal elders of the island, met them at Kemus Beach. Dabad befriended the missionaries and introduced them to Amani, another tribal elder, and the rest of the Erub Islanders. His role in the bringing of Christianity to the Torres Straits is recognised by Dabad&#39;s Monument at Badog, on which the inscription reads "In loving memory of Dabad 1871: A man who denied his tribal laws and accepted the good news of salvation".</p><br>
<p>South Sea Islanders had an important role working in the beche-de-mer and pearl farming industries in the Torres Straits and had established relations with the islanders prior to the arrival of HMS Surprise. Reports indicate that objections were voiced to the Erub Islanders by Rotuma Islanders working on the island, who had experienced Christian missions at Rotuma and believed the missionaries to be cruel, evil and capable of selling people into slavery. A European man, known as Thorngreen, was living on Darnley Island at the time and accompanied Darnley Islanders on board HMS Surprise the following day. Being a Sunday, a service was held, in Lifu language. This was the first recorded service in the Torres Straits (although Rev Jagg would have undoubtedly held services during his 12 months at Somerset).</p><br>
<p>Two evangelists, Mataika and Guchong, and their wives, were left on Erub on July 5 while HMS Surprise went on to Tudu (Warrior) Island.</p><br>
<p>The missionaries were welcomed at Tudu by Captain Banner, who had an established pearl shell fishery on the island. John Joseph, an employee of Banners, travelled with the missionaries as an interpreter to Dauan Island on 6 July, and finding most of the islanders were away on Saibai Island, they were taken to Saibai by Nudai, the chief of Dauan. Two Islander missionaries, Josaia and Sevine, were left at Saibai and Dauan. Further missionaries were left on Yorke and Yam Islands, while HMS Surprise sailed to the newly established settlement at Somerset.</p><br>
<p>The London Missionary Society established temporary headquarters at Somerset from where they could expand their operations into other Torres Strait Islands and the mainland of New Guinea. Between 1871 and 1878 at least 131 Pacific Islander teachers, mainly from the Loyalty Islands, Cook Islands, Niue, Society Islands and Rurutu, taught in the Torres Straits and New Guinea, along with their wives and families. Only four European missionaries taught in the same period.</p><br>
<p>In 1872 the London Missionary Society revisited selected islands in the Torres Straits. They reported that the missionaries that had been left on Dauan and Saibai had been accepted in to the local tribes and had been given land by the local chiefs. They reported weekly services were being held at Darnley, and were conducted in a pigeon form of the local language, Kala Lagaw Ya.</p><br>
<p>The Queensland Government annexed the islands of the Torres Straits within 60 miles of the mainland in 1872, followed by the remainder of the islands in 1879. This was in response to fear of rival colonial powers controlling what had become an important shipping route and also as a means of controlling the increasingly lucrative beche-de-mer and pearl shelling economies, and in particular regulating the use of Torres Strait and South Sea Islander labour in these industries. The government moved its administration centre from Somerset to Thursday Island in 1877, however the lack of government resources, such as a regular patrol boat, meant that administration of the islands was left to the London Missionary Society.</p><br>
<p>A theological facility called the Papuan Institute was established on the island of Mer to train Torres Strait Islanders as priests, and suitable students were selected by the London Missionary Society. The Institute was closed in 1888, but had trained a number of local priests who were familiar with both formal missionary teaching and the local Islander customs.</p><br>
<p>By 1890 the London Missionary Society was beginning to slow its operations in the Torres Straits. Conversion on the islands had been successful and Papua was seen to be "waiting for the Light". A full-time superintendent on the islands was no longer deemed necessary and the incumbent priest, Rev J Chalmers, moved to Saguane in the Fly River in New Guinea. The Queensland Government appointed teacher/supervisors on various islands, and in 1904 the Protector of Aborigines assumed comprehensive control of Islanders lives under the Queensland Aboriginal Protection Act 1897.</p><br>
<p>Worship on various islands was then led by the Islander priests who had been trained at the Papuan Institute, with annual inspections by London Missionary Society representatives travelling from New Guinea.</p><br>
<p>In 1914 the secretary of the London Missionary Society requested that the Bishop of Carpentaria, Gilbert White, take over the missionary work in the Torres Strait due to financial pressure. This was formally accepted by the Australian Board of Missions in November 1914 and the Anglican Church assumed responsibility for the Torres Strait Mission. All the leases granted to London Missionary Society, including the buildings, were transferred to the Anglican Church. The Anglican Church instituted "Coming of the Light" celebrations soon after they took over, as a tribute to the London Missionary Society and perhaps as a way of ensuring continuity of worship. This celebration continues to be celebrated annually by Torres Strait Islanders, both in the Torres Straits and in Torres Strait Islander communities on the Australian mainland. Kemus Beach, on Erub, is a particularly important focus for Coming of the Light celebrations, as this is the place of first contact between Torres Strait Islanders and the London Missionary Society. The event is commemorated on Erub with a "Coming of the Light" monument constructed, consisting of a 3.5 metres high white cross standing in a ship named "Surprise" as its base.</p><br>
<p>The All Saints Church was constructed in 1919 below the site of the original London Missionary Society mission house and school, using locally produced lime from burnt coral and basalt, under the direction of an Erub Islander named Manai and a South Sea Islander named Albert Ware. It was originally known as the Ziona church. The Church of England, now the Anglican Church, remodelled this building in 1963 with limestone from surrounding coral reefs. Remodelling included raising the roofline and extending internal walls. Erosion has threatened the preservation of the building, and in 1976 extensive erosion of the beach necessitated the building of a stone sea wall approximately 15 metres from the building for protection from erosion from the strong tides.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>All Saints Church is a mass concrete structure with a timber framed red corrugated asbestos cement and galvanized steel roof, located 5–15 metres from Badog Beach on the south west side of Erub (Darnley) Island in the Torres Straits.</p><br>
<p>The area of the building is about 250 square metres, featuring a central nave with side wings. Walls, constructed of concrete, vary in thickness from 300 to 450mm and are plastered internally and externally. Internal walls between the nave and the wings of the building are rendered white and feature columned arches. The floor is concrete.</p><br>
<p>The facade of the building, facing east, is decorated with a niche, projecting columns and beams, frieze and other architectural features. The main entrance is on the southern side of the side of the building, through one of the side wings. External walls of the side wings are buttressed at the corners and intermediary points. The sanctuary is at the western end of the building with a vestry extending to the southern side of it.</p><br>
<p>The building is located on a small level area between the beach and the north east headland of Badog Beach. The vegetation includes mature coconut palms and a natural forest setting.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>All Saints Anglican Church was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>All Saints Church, Erub (Darnley) Island, survives as important evidence of the development of missionary activity in the Torres Straits and serves as a focus for the annual July 1 "Coming of the Light" festival that celebrates the arrival of the London Missionary Society in the Torres Straits in 1871.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The substantial building, constructed in 1919 mainly of locally acquired materials including burnt coral and basalt, forms a prominent landmark in the architecture of Erub (Darnley) Island. It has aesthetic significance through its prominent siting on Badog Beach and as an example of the vernacular architectural style of churches in the Torres Straits that includes projected corners and beams and buttressed corners and cement construction material.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>Erub (Darnley Island) has a strong and special religious significance with Torres Strait Islander Christians as the first place of contact between Torres Strait Islanders and London Missionary Society missionaries.</p><br>
<p>The Col de Font-de-Cère is a mountain pass culminating at 1,289 m, located in the Mounts of Cantal, in the department of the same name, and in the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France.</p><br>
<h2>Toponymy</h2><br>
<p>Font-de-Cère, said as Fònt de Cera in the Auvergnat dialect, means "sources of the Cère". Indeed, it is here that the Cère rises.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The col is located between the and the, and connects the Alagnon valley (commune of Laveissière) to the Cère valley (commune of Saint-Jacques-des-Blats).</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Before the breakthrough of the, the pass was a place of important passage but dreaded. Indeed, it was deemed impassable in winter with snow drifts of three metres of snow preventing any passage during the nine long months of winter. During the summer it was mostly crossed by the Royal troops but was feared because of the, of wolves and bandits. Frequenting the route was dangerous as evidenced by numerous wooden and iron crosses along the road in the memories of people killed by bandits or wolves, or else surprised by the rigours of the winter. Despite being an easier crossing, these features pushed the majority of travellers to take the route of the old Roman road (the ) which crossed the mountains of Cantal. After the breakthrough of the Lioran tunnel, the first tunnel of France and the longest in the world when built, the pass has become more frequented.</p><br>
<p>With the birth of the ski station of Le Lioran, the col is again popular and, in the early 1950s, the Font-de-Cère buron was built, which was a holiday site of the city of Le Mans for some years.</p><br>
<h2>Activities</h2><br>
<p>A restaurant can be found at the col.</p><br>
<h3>Cycling</h3><br>
<p>The col is crossed by a paved road, known as imperial road, connecting Font d&#39;Alagnon to Font-de-Cère. It is a 5.3 km climb averaging 4.9%.</p><br>
<p>The route was used during Stage 5 of the 2016 Tour de France, classified as a Category 3 climb, with Greg Van Avermaet winning the stage.</p><br>
<h3>Walking</h3><br>
<p>The col is an important place of passage for hikers during the summer, as it is located on the GR 4 (linking Royan to Grasse), and the GR 400 (Cantal Mountains route) leading to the Puy Mary.</p><br>
<h3>Winter sports</h3><br>
<p>In winter, the site is part of the ski station of Le Lioran and is frequented by followers of winter sports (skiing, snowshoeing, crosscountry skiing, etc.).</p><br>
<p>Banana Lake or is a 268 acre natural freshwater lake in southeast Lakeland, Florida. Before 1860 this lake was called Mud Lake. A family homesteaded at the lake and planted bananas, amongst other types of fruit. By 1890 the lake was known by its current name. Banana Lake is in a suburban area. Residential areas and agricultural areas surround it. To the southwest 200 ft is Little Banana Lake. Lake Stahl is 400 ft to the northwest. Just to the north of Lake Stahl is the Sanlan Golf Course, which also borders Banana Lake.</p><br>
<p>On the south shore of the lake is Banana Lake Park, which has an address of 5002 Tillery Road. This park contains picnic shelters and tables, a paved walking trail, restrooms, a playground, a boat ramp and a fishing pier. A parking lot is at the west side of the park. Boats can reach Lake Stahl via a canal that connects the two lakes.</p><br>
<p>St Michael and All Angels Church is a heritage-listed Anglican church at 2-6 Alford Street, Kingaroy, South Burnett Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Colin Deighton and built in 1911. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 17 September 2010.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>St Michael and All Angels Anglican Church, located in Alford Street, is an elegant timber building designed by architect Colin Deighton and erected between December 1910 and 1911. Its intact timber interior exhibits superior craftsmanship. The land on which the church is sited was donated by Arthur Youngman of Taabinga who also contributed to the church&#39;s building fund.</p><br>
<p>Settlement in the Kingaroy area commenced in the 1840s when Taabinga and Burrandowan pastoral stations were taken up, and was followed by agricultural land selection from the 1880s. Selectors grew maize and raised pigs, which were sold at Kilkivan (the nearest railhead on the Kilkivan branch railway) for many years. With the approach of the rail line from Kilkivan, transportation of produce to markets became more feasible and the struggling agricultural settlements of the South Burnett became viable.</p><br>
<p>The town of Kingaroy owes its establishment to the arrival of the Kilkivan branch railway in 1904. In 1898 the only resident in the vicinity of Kingaroy was Daniel Carroll who had selected a 160-acre block abutting the 3430 acre Kingaroy Paddock selection in 1891 and built a hut and yard for his horses. By 1900 he had built a cottage and had selected further blocks of land adjoining his original portion. In 1902 a provisional school opened in Kingaroy with about twenty pupils. Once the Kilkivan branch railway reached the 56 mile peg near the corner of the Kingaroy Paddock in 1904, the railway terminus was the impetus for the establishment of Kingaroy township. Both Carroll and Arthur Youngman, owner of the Kingaroy Paddock, sold town blocks at public auction during 1904. When the first train arrived, there were only three buildings - Carrolls new hotel, the Carrollee, FC Petersens store and Carroll Cottage. After the railway arrived Kingaroy quickly developed as a service centre with the establishment of commercial premises such as shops and hotels. These were soon followed by public buildings, churches and schools. The seven years during which Kingaroy was the railhead were enough for it to establish a lasting dominance over neighbouring townships.</p><br>
<p>During the first four decades of the 20th century the South Burnett was a rapidly developing agricultural area in the Wide Bay district. The railway facilitated the clearing of the land for agriculture and timber became the major industry for some years with teams hauling logs to the Kingaroy railway yards. From the Wide Bay regions maize production was the second highest in the state, following the Darling Downs. It was the fourth largest wheat producing area and the fourth largest cotton producer in Queenslsand. During the 1920s the embryonic peanut industry became headquartered at Kingaroy. In 1929 the Wide Bay districts milk production was the second highest in the state after the Moreton district. By 1938 dairying in the Burnett district was burgeoning, having the second largest number of dairy herds and of dairy cows in Queensland after Moreton district. By 1941 Kingaroy was the largest town in the South Burnett region.</p><br>
<p>Initially, Anglican services and Sunday School in Kingaroy were conducted by Reverend Percy Solly Wigram of Nanango parish in a hut that stood on the site now occupied by Carrolls buildings in Haly Street. However, with the rapid growth of the Kingaroy congregation a church became essential. Circa 1910 the congregation was offered two pieces of land for this purpose; one by Dan Carroll and the other by Arthur Youngman of Taabinga, who also was willing to make a donation to the building fund. Youngmans offer was accepted and a Diocesan grant was obtained for the Churchs construction. Architect Colin Deighton, who was assistant to John Hingeston Buckeridge, the Anglican Diocese of Brisbane Architect between 1887 and 1901, designed the church. Deighton designed a number of country churches and St Colombs Anglican Church at Clayfield in Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>The foundation stone of St Michael and All Angels Church was laid on 10 November 1910 by the Venerable Arthur Rivers, Archdeacon of Toowoomba. Construction of the building, which was to seat 250 worshippers, began in December 1910 and was completed in 1911. Its cost, including furniture, was almost £2000. The church was dedicated by Archbishop of Brisbane St Clair Donaldson in 1912 at a service attended by members of the whole community which regarded its opening as a great event for the growing township. In 1912 the Brisbane Diocese newsletter, The Church Chronicle, stated that St Michael and All Angels Church was "a really beautiful Church - one of the best wooden buildings in the Diocese".</p><br>
<p>The church was built in a cruciform plan with few internal wall planes, an arched ceiling space formed by an exposed scissor-braced roof frame and a tall nave and arched windows giving the illusion of verticality.</p><br>
<p>The timber interior of St Michael and all Angels Church is believed to have been milled at Taabinga. The red beanwood pulpit and pews were made from timber from the Atherton Tableland. The vicar, the Rev PS Wigram, who was a member of a wealthy English family, received gifts for the church. These included a carved English oak altar with inset panels of the angels painted by members of his family; an altar cross and candlesticks from Venice; and the chalice and paten, which were gifts from his godparents. A picture of St Peter, painted by a German artist, was presented by another English friend of the rector.</p><br>
<p>Some time after 1912 the Nanango parish was divided into three - Nanango, Kingaroy and Wondai - each served by its own priest. A house for the rector (pre-1935) and later a hall were constructed on the site to fulfil the needs of the growing congregation. A wheelchair access ramp has been added to the northern side of the entry porch. On 14 November 1993 the church was consecrated by Assistant Bishop of Brisbane Clyde Wood.</p><br>
<p>The development of a peanut storage and processing plant by the Peanut Board and Peanut Growers&#39; Cooperative Association on adjacent land began in 1927. The success of the Kingaroy-based peanut industry has resulted in a large industrial site becoming the backdrop to the church. This juxtaposition highlights the aesthetically pleasing nature of St Michael and All Angels Anglican Church.</p><br>
<p>The church has served the Anglican community in the Parish of Kingaroy since its establishment in 1910.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>St Michael and All Angels Church, Kingaroy is a very intact example of an early twentieth century timber-framed church and is positioned on a largely flat site to the east of Kingaroy&#39;s main retail street. Its grounds are triangular in shape and are bound to the east by the former Kingaroy-Nanango railway easement and by Alford Street to the south. The church is oriented along an east-west axis with the entry porch to the west. The towering silos of the Peanut Company of Australia stand to the north of the church grounds and form a dominant backdrop to the place.</p><br>
<p>The church building is laid out in a typical cruciform plan with a central nave formed by a long, steeply gabled roof. This main roof is dissected by another gabled roof slightly lower in height which forms the north and south transepts. The northern transept contains a side-chapel and southern transept contains a vestry. Aisles are formed to the north and south of the nave by lower lean-to roofs running along its length. A gabled entry porch with hipped returns provides a protective covered entrance to the church from the west.</p><br>
<p>The roofs to the church are clad with recent terracotta roof tiles and external walls are clad with weatherboards. It is supported on a mixture of timber and concrete stumps approximately one metre from the ground. Gutters are formed in metal with a quad-profile and drain to recent square profile downpipes.</p><br>
<p>The main elevation (facing west) of the church is symmetrical in form with the entry porch projecting out from the main gabled structure. A timber-framed bellcote crowns the ridge of the main roof above the entry porch and is clad to match the main roof. Bracing fixed between the roofs&#39; bargeboards form decorative ends to each of the projecting gable roofs. The entry porch is accessed via steps from the south and by a recent timber-framed ramp from the north. Decorative post brackets form arched openings on the porch which is enclosed to handrail height with weatherboards.</p><br>
<p>Windows with frames decorated at the top to make an arch and filled with leadlighting illuminate the length of the nave. Stained glass windows are positioned in the side chapel and chancel walls. The shapes of the arches formed by carved frames in windows throughout vary depending on the width of the opening. Clerestory coloured leadlight windows are located on the northern and southern walls above the chancel. Crosses are fixed to the top of the bellcote and to each apex of the gabled roofs. Timber-framed steps lead from the southern side of the building to the vestry and on the northern side to the side-chapel. A pair of simple, ledged, double doors provide access into the church from the double entry porch via the ramp and stairs. The interior timberwork is unpainted.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s exposed timber framing dominates the interior of the building. Scissor-braces fixed to pairs of rafters supporting the roof cross the width of the nave and the north and south transepts. Metal tie-rods are located at regular intervals in the ceiling space which is lined with unpainted v-jointed boards. The aisles are divided from the nave by a colonnade of timber arches supporting the main roof formed from timber posts and decorative timber brackets. The chancel is separated from the nave and crossing by a timber framed chancel arch with a variation of a rood screen formed in timber supporting a wooden crucifix. All timberwork is unpainted.</p><br>
<p>The chancel is slightly raised and contains the altar which is formed from carved English oak. Early inset panels of paintings of angels have been relocated behind the altar to the eastern wall where dark timber panelled wall linings with lightly coloured cover strips are located. Intricately detailed candlesticks and an altar cross rest on the altar and timber communion or altar rails are located in front of it.</p><br>
<p>A baptistery is located to the west of the side chapel with an intricately carved marble font. An early pulpit (located to the north of the chancel) and early pews positioned in the nave and the crossing are made from red beanwood. Organ pipes are located near the southern transept facing towards the nave. A timber hymnal board is fixed to the wall at the western end of the nave near the entry. The floor is carpeted.</p><br>
<p>Garden beds planted with roses lie to the west of the church where a large, timber cross has been positioned. A spray of trees follows the boundary of the site creating a barrier to the railway siding. A simple timber framed entry arch is located on the Alford Street boundary where a recent concrete path leading from the street to the entry porch and vestry has been constructed.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>St Michael and All Angels Church was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 17 September 2010 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>St Michael and All Angels Anglican Church illustrates the growth and prosperity of the township, which resulted from the extension of the railway line to Kingaroy in 1904. Kingaroys role as the terminus of the rail line for the subsequent seven years consolidated its position as the major town of the South Burnett region, which evolved into one of Queenslands major agricultural districts during the first decades of the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The construction of St Michael and All Angels Anglican Church between 1910 and 1911, to serve the spiritual needs of Kingaroy&#39;s rapidly expanding population, is associated with this period of significant growth in the district.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>St Michael and All Angels Anglican Church is an excellent example of a timber-framed church, which at the time of construction was considered one of the best timber buildings in the Brisbane Diocese. Highly intact, it demonstrates the principal characteristics of an early 20th century Anglican church utilising a Latin cross plan with the northern transept accommodating a chapel, the southern transept a vestry and the western end an entry porch.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>St Michael and All Angels Church has considerable aesthetic value being a well composed building in a cruciform plan. The Church is significant for its high degree of creative achievement in its interior craftsmanship. The highly intact, unpainted timberwork of the roof framing, walls and ceiling linings displays great artistic value. The church contains many finely crafted elements including an exposed roof frame which dominates the interior, ornate timber colonnades, rood screen, chancel arch, carved English oak altar, pulpit, bishop&#39;s chair, pews, panels of the angels and crucifix. Elaborately decorated candlesticks, chalice and paten and a painting of St Peter are also housed in the church.</p><br>
<p>Its steeply pitched roof crested with an ornate bellcote makes a strong impact in the streetscape.</p><br>
<p>Wylarah is a heritage-listed homestead at South Burrandowan Road, Ironpot, South Burnett Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1891 by J Gibbs. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 August 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Wylarah was selected in 1890 by Alfred Greenup who was manager of "Maryland" near Stanthorpe from 1868. He named the property after the Aboriginal word for black cockatoo. It comprised a grazing lease of 9,000 acres (3,600 ha) and an agricultural farm of 1,267 acres (506 ha) which were part of the resumption of Burrandowan Station.</p><br>
<p>In 1891 work on the main homestead commenced by J Gibbs, a Victorian, with assistance from Greenup. A slab hut was erected for use while the homestead was built. The hut&#39;s hearth survives. The bricks were made from clay on the property while the timber was milled at Chinchilla. Some of the furniture was also built by Gibbs at this time.</p><br>
<p>Originally planned to be U-shaped, the internal courtyard was considered too small, and so was covered and floored to form a central hall. An innovative feature was the integration of the kitchen into the house.</p><br>
<p>Although they visited the property in 1891, it was 1897 before the Greenup family moved to Wylarah. Alfred Greenup continued as manager of "Maryland" until 1905. Wylarahs hall was the venue for the districts church services and other community activities for many years.</p><br>
<p>After Greenups death in 1915 the property was run by his son Harold. The lease area was halved in 1924. Following Harold Greenups death in 1957 Wylarah was left to his daughter Frances, whose son now runs the property. He has undertaken considerable repairs including replacing the side verandah&#39;s floor and lining the service rooms at the rear.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Wylarah is a pastoral property located approximately 50 kilometres west of Kingaroy.</p><br>
<p>The homestead is a single-storeyed, single-skinned timber building with a corrugated galvanised iron roof. The plan is unusual. It has a verandah on three sides, and a U-shaped hipped roof, encircling a double pitch over the central hall.</p><br>
<p>The central hall is encircled by bedrooms to the east and west, a large lounge to the north, a dining room to the north east, kitchen to the south east and several smaller service rooms to the south, the latter including the southern entry vestibule. The more formal entrance to the house is located on the northern frontage, which also features a metal belfry and weathercock flanked by two red brick chimneys.</p><br>
<p>An unpainted panel system is used throughout the interior as well as the exterior; it consists of an ironbark frame which is expressed, internally and externally, with vertically-jointed (probably cypress) infill panels trimmed with cavetto-section pine mouldings.</p><br>
<p>The central hall, which measures approximately 15 m by 11 m, has a polished beech floor, and a double-pitched, timber-lined ceiling with exposed rafters. A valley beam running north-south has two intermediate chamfer post supports, and two timber ties run east-west. The southern gable ends are glazed with yellow patterned glass. Similarly patterned glass is used in the fanlights above doors opening onto the central hall. The doors have clear glazed panels.</p><br>
<p>The rooms surrounding the central hall to the north, west and east have timber-lined ceilings, and french doors with arched upper panels opening onto the verandah and fanlights. Brick fireplaces with timber mantelpieces serve six of these rooms. The verandah has chamfered timber posts with cross-braced timber balustrades, and a timber-lined ceiling with exposed rafters.</p><br>
<p>The grounds include lawns and gardens to the east and north, and remnants of the original orchard to the west. To the south of the homestead are several original service buildings: to the immediate south east is a corrugated iron bath house, with a corrugated iron water tank on its roof and a steel windmill immediately adjacent; a timber and corrugated iron blacksmiths shed sits further out to the south, and contains early blacksmithing and carpentry tools; to the west is a double-storeyed corrugated iron coach house, with the coachmans residence above and two coach bays; a timber hoist approximately 5 m high sits between the coach house and the timber and corrugated iron stables.</p><br>
<p>Most of the original buildings survive, and Wylarah stills functions as a pastoral property.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Wylarah was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 August 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>Wylarah is significant in demonstrating rare aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage, namely: it is an uncommonly intact example of a late 19th century homestead complex which served a medium-sized pastoral property; and the homestead is unusual and idiosyncratic in its construction, plan form, distinctive central hall, unpainted interior and exterior, and varied use of timber. Wylarah demonstrates the principal characteristics of a 19th century homestead complex on a pastoral property and its layout, unpainted materials, setting and harmonious colours of buildings and landscape exhibit aesthetic characteristics which are valued by the community.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&apos;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>Wylarah is significant in demonstrating rare aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage, namely: it is an uncommonly intact example of a late 19th century homestead complex which served a medium-sized pastoral property; and the homestead is unusual and idiosyncratic in its construction, plan form, distinctive central hall, unpainted interior and exterior, and varied use of timber.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Wylarah demonstrates the principal characteristics of a 19th century homestead complex on a pastoral property.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The layout, unpainted materials, setting and harmonious colours of buildings and landscape of Wylarah exhibit aesthetic characteristics which are valued by the community.</p><br>
<p>Battle Ground Historic District is a national historic district located at Battle Ground, Tippecanoe County, Indiana. The district encompasses 129 contributing buildings in the central business district of Battle Ground, including the site of the Battle of Tippecanoe. It developed between about 1811 and 1930 and includes representative examples of Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, and Bungalow / American Craftsman style architecture. Notable contributing resources include the Soldier&#39;s Memorial , Carpenter Hall / Service Center , Chapel , Winans House , Battle Ground United Methodist Church , Masonic Lodge , Odd Fellow Lodge , and Knights of Pythias Lodge .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Burrandowan Station Homestead is a heritage-listed homestead at Kingaroy Road, Durong, South Burnett Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1848 to. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Burrandowan was established by Henry Stuart Russell in 1843 and was one of the first pastoral runs to be taken up in the Wide Bay area. The homestead buildings are early vernacular structures associated with the operation of this station.</p><br>
<p>Henry Stuart Russell arrived in Australia from England in 1840 and joined relatives in Sydney. These were the Hodgsons who had a property in the Hunter Valley and subsequently established Eton Vale station on the Darling Downs. Russell travelled with them to the Darling Downs and in 1841 took up Cecil Plains station with his brother Sydenham.</p><br>
<p>Searches for pastoral land extended north in the early 1840s after the Moreton Bay region was opened for selection following the closure of the penal colony. Initial leases were taken up in the Moreton Bay, Darling Downs and Brisbane Valley regions, but by 1842 squatters were looking further north for suitable land. In May 1842, Russell joined an expedition to search the Wide Bay area for grazing country and in November of the same year, with Sydenham and William Glover, made another expedition to the Wide Bay area. They chose land that they named Burrandowan, said to mean "big wind" in the local Aboriginal dialect. This area was outside the area officially designated for pastoral settlement, however, and so the run was not registered. After a second visit to the area, Russell returned to Cecil Plains, leaving Sydenham and Glover in charge and the new run was stocked with sheep from Cecil Plains in May 1843. Relationships with the local Aboriginal people at Burrandowan were, and continued to be, hostile and shepherds were reluctant to work there. Sydenham and Glover soon became dispirited and left, Sydenham being back in England by 1844. Russell returned to manage the property until he sold it to Captain G.S.N. Living in the same year.</p><br>
<p>In June 1847 Burrandowan was sold to Phillip Friell. In 1848 the Burnett District was officially opened for settlement and tenders for runs were opened. Friell&#39;s 1849 application for a lease was accepted in April 1850 and gazetted on 26 July 1851. He made improvements to the property including the surviving buildings, which are thought to have been built around 1848. A homestead was built which included a billiard room and library. Bricks from this homestead remain on the property and are stamped with a heart motif. It is thought that these were made by a local brickmaker, who also made bricks for other stations, including Jimbour, Jondaryan and Boondooma, using a different card suit design for each place.</p><br>
<p>Friell died in 1854 and the property appears to have been managed by Gordon Sandeman, possibly until it was sold to Robert Campbell in May 1860. In the mid-1850s, Burrandowan was reported to be the largest property in the Burnett district, carrying 65 000 sheep. In 1870 it was sold to Robert Towns and Alexander Stuart trading as Towns and Co., Towns holding a number of other properties at the time. In 1872 the run was acquired by Alexander Campbell and John Hay and in the late 1870s was restocked with cattle. In 1885 it passed to the Mercantile Bank of Sydney who consolidated the run. During the 1890s a series of resumptions for grazing leases began on properties in the area to encourage closer settlement following the 1884 land Act. The core section of the run was leased to the Commercial Bank of Australia in 1900 and sold by them in 1901 to Frederick Borton, who was placed at Burrandowan by the 1874 Queensland Post Office Directory and may have been a manager. Borton immediately transferred the property to George Keppel, Gerald, Mark and Roderick Borton.</p><br>
<p>In 1910 land sales were held of resumed Burrandowan land, which sold quickly as a railway to Nanango was anticipated. In 1917 the final sections of resumed land on this and several other runs in the district were allocated for the Soldier Settlement scheme.</p><br>
<p>Keppel Borton retired and Gerald Borton ran Burrandowan until he died in 1919 when his son managed the property until purchased by a Mr Turner in 1921 and then by Richard Tancred. The current homestead is assembled from three early buildings and is slightly higher and further away from Garden Creek than the previous main house. They are thought to have been assembled in this form around 1927 and comprise the Burrandowan store, part of the homestead and a building relocated from Cooinda, a grazing property formed from Burrandowan land in 1890. Tancred died in 1934 and his widow leased the property to George Lewis who purchased Burrandowan in 1943. The property was subdivided into three sections in 1987 and was purchased in 2001.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The homestead buildings are located in a garden setting without a formal approach drive. They comprise a dwelling in three sections, sheds, a guest cottage, an ant bed tennis court and traces of various other outbuildings just visible above ground.</p><br>
<p>The main residence consists of three buildings; a kitchen and office, a dining room connected to it by a covered way and a bedroom wing. The kitchen building is set on low timber stumps with logs as bearers. It has a hipped roof clad in corrugated iron sheeting and the walls are constructed of split and trimmed horizontal slabs dropped between uprights. Windows with multiple panes overlook an area paved with dressed stone blocks, some of which are pecked and have tooled margins. This is shaded on the eastern side by an awning of corrugated iron on a pole frame supported by timber posts. The building is unlined but ceiled with fibrous cement sheeting. It has an early closed stove made by the Scottish firm of Smith and Wellstood and a modern kitchen counter. A door opens from the kitchen into an office which is a separate gable roofed building butted against the kitchen and which has a lower floor.</p><br>
<p>To the west of the kitchen is a passageway with stone paving which leads to the dining room. This is a large rectangular slab building with a gable roof clad in corrugated iron. Verandahs run along both long sides and French windows open onto them. Part of one verandah is used as a servery and part of the other has been enclosed as a bathroom. It has a stone fireplace and a coved ceiling. A wide covered area floored in timber links this to the bedroom wing. This is a gable-roofed rectangular building with three core rooms and is constructed of heavy weatherboards and has French doors. There are now three bedrooms and a sitting room. The verandah area at the rear is enclosed and has a bathroom at one end.</p><br>
<p>Some distance to the west of the main house is a drop log cottage with a new corrugated iron hipped roof and a bullnosed awning supported by timber posts along the front. This contains a modern kitchen and has a weatherboard extension to the rear.</p><br>
<p>The other major building is a large, rectangular shed to the east of the house. It has a steep hipped roof clad in corrugated iron and is also constructed of drop log slabs, is unlined and has a pole frame. One end has a small skillion roofed addition and has an earth floor. It is used as a garage. The adjoining section is separated from this by a drop log partition that reaches only to wall height. The building was originally divided into three rooms and a second partition has been removed, though the frame remains. A pole storage rack has been built against one wall and most of the floor in this area is paved with small blocks of timber placed in irregular rows. The shed has large barn doors at one end with forge-made hinges and fixings.</p><br>
<p>An open shed is situated to the north of the kitchen. It has a hipped corrugated iron roof supported on timber posts. It has some wall sections at the rear that are constructed of slabs.</p><br>
<p>The homestead grounds contain visible traces of outbuildings, and quantities of the dressed stone blocks of unknown provenance that have been used for paving and low seats around the house and garden. Some bricks also remain from the former homestead although few are whole. There is an ant bed tennis court.</p><br>
<p>The grave of Jane Warren, wife of Charles Warren, who died in 1903, can be seen about one kilometre to the south of the homestead, although the path that linked them has vanished. It has a headstone and ornamental metal railings. There are believed to be other graves located nearby, although they are not visible due to vegetation growth.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Burrandowan Station Homestead was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>Henry Stuart Russell took up Burrandowan run following his exploration of the Burnett River District in 1842. It was one of the first pastoral runs in the region and provided an impetus for further settlement. Burrandowan homestead illustrates the pattern of early European exploration and settlement of Queensland where the development of pastoral properties preceded agriculture and the establishment of towns. As an early pastoral property, which has remained in continuous use, Burrandowan has important associations with the development of the pastoral industry in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>Burrandowan has the potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland&#39;s history through historical and archaeological research. The buildings provide evidence of early building techniques and traces of other early structures remain on site and possibly below ground.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Burrandowan homestead complex incorporates structures from the early operation of the station brought together in their current formation in the early 20th century. These include residential and working buildings that are good examples their types and demonstrate the recycling of useful structures commonly made on pastoral properties.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Burrandowan homestead complex has aesthetic significance, comprising structures that are well made examples of traditional buildings that are pleasing in form, materials and detail.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>Burrandowan homestead has special associations with the life and work of Henry Stuart Russell who took up the run, with Philip Friell who was responsible for the construction of the buildings and with members of the Borton family of whom three generations worked on the property.</p><br>
<p>The Moses Webster House is a historic house at 14 Atlantic Avenue in Vinalhaven, Maine. It was built in 1873 for Moses Webster, owner of one of Vinalhavens granite quarries, and is one of the communitys finest examples of Second Empire architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Moses Webster House stands on the east side of Vinalhaven&#39;s downtown area, at the northeast corner of Atlantic Avenue and Frog Hollow Road. It is a large 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a mansard roof, clapboarded walls, and a granite foundation. Its front facade is six bays wide, with a projecting two-bay section on the left side, capped by a three-story mansarded tower. The leftmost bay has a two-story polygonal window bay with a gabled top and bracketed cornices, while a single-story porch extends across the right four bays and wraps around to the right side. It is supported by chamfered square posts and has a low balustrade. Second-floor windows rise through the lower portion of the mansard roof as wall dormers, and are topped by bracketed and pedimented gables.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1873 for Moses Webster, who was, along with Joseph R. Bodwell, a leading figure in Vinalhavens highly successful late 19th-century granite industry. The two men, both New Hampshire natives, came to Vinalhaven in 1851, and began the expansion of its previously small-scale granite quarries, eventually providing stone for major buildings along the Atlantic coast. The Bodwell Granite Company, of which Webster was president and co-owner, dominated the islands economy into the early 20th century. The house served as a bed and breakfast inn in the early 2010s, and was listed for sale in 2016.</p><br>
<p>The Whitefield Union Hall is a historic social venue at 901 Townhouse Road in the Kings Mill village of Whitefield, Maine. Built in 1900 by the local Grange chapter and the Whitefield Fish and Game Club, it has served for more than a century as a major social meeting point. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Whitefield Union Hall stands on the west side of Townhouse Road, a short way north of its junction with Pittston Road (Maine State Route 194). The small village in which it stands is largely unaltered, having only lost a mill complex (and major local source of jobs) to a hurricane in 1954. The building is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure with Victorian styling. It is basically L-shaped, with a rectangular main block from which a recessed ell projects to the right. The exterior of the main block is finished in wooden clapboards on the first floor, and with fish-scale shingles above, while the ell is finished in clapboards. The main entrance is at the center of the three-bay facade, flanked by windows that have modest projecting cornices. Similar windows are on the second floor, and there is in the gable end a double window topped by a gabled cornice. The interior of the hall is divided into function spaces, with a dining room and kitchen on the ground floor, and an auditorium with stage on the second floor.</p><br>
<p>The hall was built in 1900, primarily under the auspices of the Whitefield Fish and Game Club, but with design input from the local Grange chapter, which contributed funds to its construction and was also a major tenant. It was until 1919 the only public hall with a stage in southern Whitefield, playing host to dances, meetings of fraternal and social organizations, and other community events. The hall was managed by an association of the two organizations until 1947, and by the Fish and Game Club after the Grange chapter merged with another in 1969. The club closed down in 1974, and the hall is now managed by a union consortium of village community groups.</p><br>
<p>The Joseph H. Underwood House is a historic house at 1957 Main Street in Fayette, Maine. Built in 1837, this large brick house was built for Joseph H. Underwood, one of the small community&#39;s leading businessmen and politicians of the first half of the 19th century. Underwood owned a mill and other local business, and served in town offices and the state legislature. His house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Joseph H. Underwood House stands on the north side of Main Street (Maine State Route 17) at its junction with North Wayne Street, in what is now a quiet and dispersed rural village. It is a 2-1/2 story brick structure, with a gable roof and end chimneys, and a single-story ell extending northward from the rear. The walls consist of brick laid in running bond, while the gable ends are framed in wood and finished in vinyl siding. The front facade is five bays wide, with the openings framed by granite sills and lintels. Windows are six-over-six sash, while the centered entrance has flanking sidelights and a wide multilight transom above. The front yard is handsomely landscaped, with a semicircular drive, and stone steps leading from the street to the drive in front of the house.</p><br>
<p>Joseph Underwood was born in New Hampshire, and moved to Fayette about 1807, where he soon afterward purchased the local general store. He reportedly owned the store for 55 years, expanding his business interests to include real estate and agriculture. He was one of the first people documented to breed Hereford cattle in the state, and was at his death in 1867 by far the wealthiest man in the small community. Underwood also served as a town selectman, and in the state legislature. This house, one of three he occupied in the town, was built for him in 1837.</p><br>
<p>Carroll Cottage is a heritage-listed cottage at 6 Edward Street, Kingaroy, South Burnett Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1900 to 1930s. It is also known as Daniel Carroll&#39;s House. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 28 July 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Daniel Carroll&#39;s House is a small timber residence constructed in 1900 on a selection owned by Daniel Carroll. Carroll was an early settler of the district, part of a wave of selectors who took up land in the area from the 1880s onwards, and his cottage was the nucleus of a small settlement that was to become the town of Kingaroy. Significant pastoral expansion took place in southern Queensland commencing in 1840 when extensive tracts of land were taken up on the Darling Downs, Brisbane Valley and Logan River area in 1840 and 1841. The first large properties of the Burnett district, Tarong and Nanango, were taken up in 1842.</p><br>
<p>For about 40 years, these large pastoral holdings survived substantially intact and their dominance suppressed the need for service towns. However, the Lands Act of 1868 caused dramatic changes to rural areas and large portions of these leases were resumed for selection purposes. The result was the closer settlement of smaller selections, which consequently enabled the establishment of rural communities and created a need for service towns and public facilities. The first notable selection in the area was that of the Markwell brothers, who applied for 2156 hectares of land in 1878. It was located on the Stuart River and Kingaroy Creek and became known as the Kingaroy Paddock, ultimately giving its name to the area.</p><br>
<p>In 1891, Daniel Carroll selected portion 107V, a 160 acre block abutting the Kingaroy Paddock. Carroll had arrived from Ireland at the age of twenty in 1887 and spent some years in the area working as a coach driver. In 1898, it was reported that Carroll was the only European living in the vicinity of the current site of Kingaroy and that he had built a hut for himself and a yard for his horses nearby. In 1900, in anticipation of his forthcoming marriage to Bridget Pender, Carroll had the present cottage built, by a Mr Ferdinand Seng. By this time, Carroll had selected further blocks of land adjoining portion 107V.</p><br>
<p>To facilitate the transport of timber and other produce of developing agricultural industries in the district, the Kilkivan branch railway was extended to Wondai in 1903 and to the "56 mile peg" in 1904. The 56 mile peg was near the corner of the Kingaroy Paddock. The termination of the railway line at the peg was the impetus for the establishment of the town of Kingaroy. Daniel Carroll and Arthur Youngman (owner of Taabinga station) sold town blocks at public auction in 1903-04. When the first train arrived on 19 December 1904, the Carroll Cottage was one of only three buildings at the termination site. The others being Carrolls new hotel, The Carrollee (burnt down in 1913) and F C Petersens recently completed store. The official banquet for the opening of the railway was held in Carroll&#39;s horse paddock.</p><br>
<p>After the extension of the railway, the establishment of commercial premises such as shops and hotels were soon followed by public offices, churches and schools. The seven years that the town served as railhead were sufficient to secure its growth beyond neighbouring centres and establish a lasting dominance. Daniel Carroll continued to be involved with the development of Kingaroy through his property interests and as a member of a variety of committees for public facilities. He donated a building site from his original block for St. Mary&#39;s, the first Catholic Church in Kingaroy and also donated land for the hospital. The Carroll family moved into a new home in Albert Street in 1910, but retained possession of the cottage, which was rented out. The property is still owned by members of the Carroll family, with the Kingaroy Historical Society as caretakers. It is furnished and interpreted to the early Interwar period and is open by appointment as a house museum.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Daniel Carroll&#39;s House is located on a small block of land in Edward Street in the town of Kingaroy. The house is a four room cottage with several accretions. The cottage is a small, single storey timber dwelling, low-set on short timber stumps with a short, centrally located entry stair. The area of the house that accommodates the front two rooms has a steep hipped roof without eaves that is clad in corrugated iron and the back two rooms have a simple lean-to roof. A verandah runs across the front of the house with a recent cross braced balustrade replacing an earlier dowel balustrade. The cottage is clad externally in weatherboards and has ogee-profile steel window hoods surmounting the windows, which are double hung timber sashes.</p><br>
<p>The detached kitchen is located at the back of the house, connected by a raised, covered walkway that has been enclosed in horizontal, corrugated iron sheeting. On the western side this area is abutted by a bathroom also sheeted in corrugated iron. The kitchen is a simple rectilinear building with a pitched roof. It is clad in weatherboards and has been extended with a small open, lean-to at the back which is used for timber storage. The cottage is lined internally with beaded, tongue and groove timber boarding and has three bedrooms and a parlour. The kitchen is lined with fibro cement sheeting.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Carroll Cottage was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 28 July 2000 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>Daniel Carrolls House is important in demonstrating the evolution and pattern of Queenslands history, reflecting the housing and living conditions of early settlers in rural districts. As the earliest dwelling to be constructed in Kingaroy, Daniel Carroll&#39;s House demonstrates the growth of the town from a rural selection to a thriving town around a railhead and later a regional administrative and commercial centre. Constructed in 1900, the house is conspicuous amongst surrounding Interwar homes as being of an earlier period and contributes to an understanding of how the town developed.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Daniel Carroll&#39;s House demonstrates the principal characteristics of a small, timber residence constructed in a then remote rural district. Key features include the simple rectilinear form of the building, steep, hipped roof, basic four-roomed plan and detached kitchen. The house provides a good illustration of the way in which houses have traditionally been extended in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Daniel Carroll&#39;s House has aesthetic significance derived from its simple design, diminutive scale, cottage-like form and unrefined use of materials. It is largely intact and its current use as a house museum has the ability to evoke an impression of the lives of early residents and other times.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>Daniel Carroll&#39;s House has strong social value to the Kingaroy community, both as the earliest house in the settlement on its original site and also as part of a community museum complex maintained by the local historical society.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>The house has a special association with Daniel Carroll, a key figure in the establishment of Kingaroy.</p><br>
<p>The Jericho Rural Historic District encompasses a rural agricultural landscape of northern Hartford, Vermont, extending slightly into neighboring Norwich. The area covers 774 acre of mainly agricultural and formerly agricultural lands, as well as associated woodlots, and includes nine historically significant farm complexes. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Jericho Street area is a rural upland, roughly bounded on the south by the White River and the east by the flood plains of the Connecticut River. To the west it is roughly bounded by Jericho Brook, and the north by the east-west town line between Norwich and Hartford, except for one associated farm complex just over the line on Joshua Street. The area is served by roads whose routes were laid out in the late 19th century, when the area was first settled. Jericho Street runs north-south through the district, turning eastward near the northern end, with Wallace and Sugartop Roads running westward, and Jericho Road eastward. All but two of the historic farm complexes are found along Jericho Street; in addition to the one on Joshua, another is located on the west side of Sugartop, just south of the Norwich line. The distribution of wooded and open areas is relatively unchanged since about 1940.</p><br>
<p>The town of Hartford was first settled in the 1760s, with its early settlements along the Connecticut River. The Jericho Hill area was settled beginning in 1781, and the last of its historic farmsteads was built in 1841. All of the early farmsteads were simple Cape style houses, and were soon accompanied by agricultural outbuildings. The Jericho Hill area contains a remarkable set of contiguous historic farm properties, in which a relatively large number of outbuildings have survived, although not always in the best of condition. The district also includes a district schoolhouse, built in 1849, which still stands near the junction of Jericho Street and Jericho Road, and functions now as a local community center.</p><br>
<p>Seok Pass, Söök Pass or Suyak Pass  is a mountain pass in the Terskey Alatau mountain range of Kyrgyzstan. Its elevation of 4,028 m makes it the third highest mountain pass in Kyrgyzstan after Bedel Pass and Kyzylart Pass, and the highest one that is not on a border. It connects the Ala-Bel plateau, where the Kumtor Gold Mine is located, to the upper Naryn River valley.</p><br>
<p>Seok Pass is situated on the ancient Silk Road route connecting Barskon on Lake Issyk-Kul and Kashgar in China&#39;s Xinjiang province across the Tian Shan mountains. It is one of three major passes on this route, located between Barskoon Pass (elevation 3,819 m) and Bedel Pass (elevation 4,284 m). As the border road over Bedel Pass to China has remained closed since Soviet times, Seok Pass is nowadays significant mainly as a strategic gateway on the A364 road to the southeastern high mountain desert areas of Kyrgyzstan along the Chinese border, and to the border posts at Kara-Say and Ak-Shyrak.</p><br>
<p>The name means "Bone Pass" in Kyrgyz, a reference to the Urkun incident of 1916, when thousands of Kyrgyz died attempting to cross the border into China, fleeing from Tsarist Russian forces.</p><br>
<p>The condition of the pass can be seen using Google Maps.</p><br>
<p>Kingaroy Shire Council Chambers is a heritage-listed former town hall and now visitor information centre and art gallery at Haly Street, Kingaroy, South Burnett Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Gerard William Barlow and built in 1938 by Kell & Rigby. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 9 November 2012.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1938, the Kingaroy Shire Chambers demonstrate the growth, prosperity and consolidation of Kingaroy as an important regional centre in the Wide Bay-Burnett.</p><br>
<p>The arrival of the Kilkivan branch railway to the "56 mile peg" in 1904 was the impetus for the establishment of the township of Kingaroy, as a rapid expansion of closer agricultural settlement occurred in the surrounding region. Town lots were auctioned in that year and public and commercial interests soon clustered around the railhead. Earlier settlements such as Booie (1882), Taabinga Village (1892) and Coolabunia (1879) could not compete with Kingaroy&#39;s proximity to the railway. By the time the railway extended to Nanango in 1911, the township was replacing its older counterparts as the dominant service centre for the South Burnett.</p><br>
<p>Initially, timber was the main product transported from Kingaroy railway station, with loggers capitalising on the abundant stands of hoop and bunya pine that existed in the softwood-vine forests of the region. Increasing land settlement saw large amounts of the existing scrub, eucalypt forests and brigalow cleared for agriculture, exposing a range of soil types, including the rich red soils, for which the region has since become known. By the 1910s, maize cultivation and dairy farming were replacing the timber industry as the key components of the local economy, while the region&#39;s peanut industry was in its nascent phase of development.</p><br>
<p>The Shire of Kingaroy was established in 1912 by excising former areas of the Nanango, Wambo and Weinholt Shires and later increased in size with the addition of land from Wondai Shire. Kingaroy&#39;s first council chambers, a modest timber structure was built in 1913, with the first council meeting held in the building in June of that year.</p><br>
<p>During the interwar period, a rapid expansion of agricultural activities occurred in the Kingaroy Shire. Dairying was the principal primary industry in the shire, with the Kingaroy Butter Factory one of the largest producers in the region, the outlet for the numerous dairy farms engaged in the production of cream. Kingaroy Shire was the centre for Queenslands burgeoning peanut industry, boasting over 550 growers and 11,500 acres (4653.88 hectares) under cultivation by 1928, with the towns first timber silos built in that year. The district was one of the states most important for corn growing, with the Manneum Maize Company farm the largest of its type in Australia in 1927. As the surrounding areas service centre, Kingaroy benefited from this growth in primary industry.</p><br>
<p>By late 1937 the Kingaroy Shire Council had outgrown its small chambers. The four officers employed by the Shire were located in the chamber&#39;s small board room, and were forced to relocate to a shared counter during council meetings. Additionally, engine smoke from the adjacent power house periodically entered the shire chambers. In September 1937 a council meeting moved that a committee be instructed to proceed with the arrangements for the erection of new council chambers. To enable construction, vacant land adjacent to the existing chambers was purchased by the Council in mid-1938.</p><br>
<p>The construction of the new chambers in Kingaroy was part of a wider pattern of civic building that occurred in Queensland in the 1930s. This period saw the construction of numerous council chambers, town and shire halls, and other public buildings in settlements throughout the state. While some were Depression-era relief projects, others were built in the latter part of the decade, when economic conditions had improved. In the South Burnett, examples of this pattern included the Nanango Council Chambers (1934–35), (demolished), Murgon Civic Centre (1938) and the Wondai Shire Hall and Library (1938-39). The Queensland Government played an important role in facilitating many of these projects, by offering low interest loans and subsidised labour costs, as a way of generating employment. However, this process did not occur at Kingaroy. After adopting the decision to build new chambers, Kingaroy Shire Council applied for a loan of £5000 to fund the construction of the building. The council felt it was uneconomical to pursue the path of State assistance, as by this time, government subsidies only covered around a third of actual labour costs, while the interest rates of a shorter term government loan were thought to be too high.</p><br>
<p>Many shire chambers and town halls of the 1920s and 1930s are fine examples of the influence of modern architectural styles in Queensland townscapes. Incorporating elements of the jazz-influenced Art Deco and machine-age vision of the Moderne, these buildings were built as expressions of confidence in a bright and modern future. Stylistic elements of Art Deco and Moderne include decorative treatments like geometrical motifs, decorative vertical banding and a streamlining of the building form. These features are evident in many prominent civic buildings throughout the state including the Goondiwindi Civic Centre and the Southport Town Hall.</p><br>
<p>Initial plans were prepared for the building by local builder Mr C Gill, who later collaborated with council engineer GW Barlow in the final design of the building. The construction of the chambers was undertaken by Sydney building firm Kell and Rigby of Sydney, Brisbane and Toowoomba. Established in 1910, Kell and Rigbys work in Queensland during the 1930s included Toowoombas Empire Theatre, Stanthorpe Hospital and the Masel residence. The 1913 council chambers were relocated from their position between the new chambers and the powerhouse, to face the street directly behind.</p><br>
<p>The building of the Kingaroy Council Chambers coincided with a number of major projects in the Shire that collectively reflected the progress and confidence of the district. During 1938, the South Burnetts first radio station 4SB, opened its studio in the township and construction began on a new Kingaroy Hospital, regarded at the time as Queenslands most "modern". A new district office was established by the Department of Agriculture and Stock, an acknowledgment of the area&#39;s importance for primary production. The Peanut Marketing Board significantly expanded their operations by erecting large concrete silos (the Kingaroy Peanut Silos) on their processing site opposite the shire chambers. Kell and Rigby also constructed the silos, completing both the silos and shire chambers within a short time of each other.</p><br>
<p>The Kingaroy Shire Chambers were officially opened on 1 December 1938 by the Minister for Agriculture and Stock, Frank Bulcock. Prior to the ceremony at the chambers, Bulcock officially opened the new silos. Conducting both of these ceremonies on the same day symbolically expressed the Shire&#39;s confidence and its progress since formation, while acknowledging its dependence on agriculture to deliver its future prosperity.</p><br>
<p>The new chambers were a single storey building of brick and concrete. Silky oak timber was used extensively throughout the interior for the fittings, doors and furniture, the work of RV Rogersons local joinery firm. Ornate plaster work adorned the ceilings while leadlight windows incorporating the Shires logo were included in the main elevation. A detached toilet block was constructed at the rear of the building.</p><br>
<p>A description written at the time of opening outlined the internal arrangement of space and features of the new chambers. The front central space, featuring a crows ash and ironbark timber floor, contained the public office for business and other transactions, incorporating the strong room. The left hand side of the building contained the health inspector and engineer&#39;s offices and records room, while the right side provided rooms for the accounting office, clerks and shire chairman.</p><br>
<p>The centrepiece of the new chambers was the boardroom at the rear of the building. The room was panelled in silky oak, with parquetry floors of tulip and rose gum timber. A dais with seating for the shire chairman and clerk overlooked a "U" shaped table for twelve councillors, furnished with drawers and swivel oak chairs, and oak seating was provided for the public gallery.</p><br>
<p>The Kingaroy Shire Council continued to operate from the chambers for over forty years. In 1979, new administrative offices for the council were built alongside the Kingaroy Civic Centre, as envisioned in architect Karl Langer&#39;s original plan of the complex. In December 1983, the former chambers were officially reopened by local state member and Queensland Premier Sir Joh Bjelke-Petersen, as the Kingaroy District Development Board Tourist Information Centre.</p><br>
<h2>Kingaroy Art Gallery</h2><br>
<p>The former Kingaroy Shire Chambers is currently the Kingaroy Art Gallery, a component of the Kingaroy Visitor Information Centre, which opened in 2005. The gallery hosts monthly exhibitions by local and visiting artists in three gallery spaces, often including a themed exhibition from the South Burnett Regional Council’s art collection. It also features a shop for regional art and high end craft.</p><br>
<p>As part of this complex, a new building was built between the chambers and the former power house (Kingaroy Heritage Museum). To provide a connection to the new building, part of the chamber&#39;s right wall was removed. The vestibule screen and original counter of the chambers had previously been moved to the museum building when it was operating as the art gallery. Despite these alterations, much of the Kingaroy Shire Chambers, especially its meeting room, remains highly intact.</p><br>
<p>In 2008, Kingaroy Shire was amalgamated with Wondai, Murgon and Nanango Shires to form the South Burnett Region.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Kingaroy Council Chambers, a single storey masonry building with Art Deco decorative features, is located on Haly Street directly opposite Kingaroy&#39;s towering peanut silos. In 2012 it forms part of the Kingaroy Visitor Information Centre and is linked to the former power house (now the Kingaroy Heritage Museum) via a connecting building to the east. Its decorative Art Deco styling with vertical banding, geometric motifs and stepped parapet gives the building a strong streetscape presence.</p><br>
<p>The front elevation is symmetrical about a central entrance and has a stepped parapet finished with a decorative moulding. The facade, finished with a smooth cement render, is divided into three bays by projecting pilasters with vertical banding. The central entrance way is flanked by single rectangular windows with concrete-formed architraves. The windows are metal-framed with multi-paned leadlight glazing incorporating the Kingaroy Shire&#39;s original logo and a pivoting central window panel. Large decorative diamond-shaped motifs are above the windows. The entrance way is sheltered by a horizontal, concrete awning with a moulded profile and supported on tapered masonry columns with a decorative vertical banding pattern. The entrance door is recent and is accessed via splayed concrete steps. Lettering "KINGAROY SHIRE COUNCIL CHAMBERS" is above the entrance and is framed with a simple decorative moulding and flanked by two stylised classical columns with fluting protruding from the facade. Flag poles rise from the roof behind the parapet.</p><br>
<p>The west elevation is a rendered masonry wall with little decoration. It consists of a central service door flanked on each side by two windows. Decorative treatments similar to the front elevation are used including the moulded capping to the wall and around the window frames. Small hooded vents are set into the wall above each of the windows.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s hipped roof is hidden behind parapets on all but the rear elevation and overhangs by approximately 40 centimetres. The roof is clad with red corrugated metal sheeting. Gutters are quad profile and soffits are lined with timber battens. Window and door treatments on the rear elevation are similar to the western and front elevations. The eastern elevation is mostly concealed by an adjoining building. A parapet wall with a single multi-paned window is visible.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the Council Chambers comprises a large open space (formerly the public office) at the front of the building incorporating a former strong room and the meeting room at the rear of the building. Hallways run down each side of these two large rooms providing access to several (former) offices.</p><br>
<p>The front central space, formerly the public office, features a crows ash and ironbark timber floor forming a striped pattern. Walls are finished with hard-set plaster. Ceilings are also finished with plaster and are adorned with ornate plaster cornices and panels featuring geometric designs. Multi-paned skylights with coloured glass have been inserted where early pendant lights remain. Skirting boards and architraves are varnished silky oak. Several internal windows and openings are located in this room. One is a timber framed opening to the teller&#39;s booth set into the wall and features a metal grille. Others are leadlight glazing.</p><br>
<p>The meeting room at the rear of the building features walls panelled in silky oak and floors finished with tulip and rose gum parquetry. A dais (seating the shire chairman and clerk) overlooks a solid U-shaped table furnished with drawers and accommodating 12 chairs including six swivel oak chairs. Silky oak public seating and timber screen are also located in the room. A vertical map cabinet is built into the wall panel on the west wall. Ceilings are formed from plaster and are raked near the wall junctions which are finished with a decorative plaster cornice. A central plaster panel adorns the ceiling from which early pendant lights are hung. Panelled doors, architraves and skirtings are silky oak. All timberwork including the furniture is similarly detailed.</p><br>
<p>Offices are more simply detailed with plaster cornices and some feature decorative plaster ceiling panels. All rooms have silky oak architraves, panelled doors and skirtings. Floors are lined with hardwood boards though some have been covered with carpet. Some pendant lights remain but some have been replaced with recent fittings.</p><br>
<p>The strong room is formed with thick masonry walls finished with plaster and has a solid metal door featuring brass door hardware. A small brass plaque with the words Ajax Manufacturing Co. is fixed to the door. Some early shelving remains together with an early timber rolling ladder.</p><br>
<p>Entry into the adjacent museum is via a recent covered area accessed through a new opening formed in the eastern wall of the chambers building.</p><br>
<p>Plantings in garden beds around the building are not considered to be of heritage significance.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>The former Kingaroy Shire Council Chambers was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 9 November 2012 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Kingaroy Shire Council Chambers are important in demonstrating the growth, prosperity and consolidation of Kingaroy as an important regional centre in the Wide Bay-Burnett. It illustrates the pattern that occurred in Queensland after towns on branch railways developed as service centres for regions transformed by the interconnected processes of government-initiated closer settlement and increased primary production. Built and opened in 1938, the Shire Chambers are a tangible expression of a pronounced period of prosperity in the township, resulting from the rapid expansion of dairying, peanut production and other agricultural activities in the surrounding region.</p><br>
<p>The Kingaroy Shire Council Chambers are important in demonstrating the widespread pattern in Queensland of expressing civic pride through building council chambers and town halls during the 1930s. Many of these buildings, including the Kingaroy Shire Chambers, are important in demonstrating the influence and spread of modern architectural styles in Queensland townscapes during the interwar period, illustrated by its use of decorative vertical banding and geometrical motifs.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The Kingaroy Shire Chambers are important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of shire council chambers. The building is prominently positioned on a principal thoroughfare of the township. Internally, the place features a front central space for public transactions, flanked by a small number of rooms, with the rear of the building housing the highly intact and finely crafted meeting room and record storage area. This spatial arrangement illustrates the requirements that facilitated the day-to-day operations of a shire council. Finely crafted interior joinery remains intact including the meeting room&#39;s table and chairs, dais, public seating and map cabinet.</p><br>
<p>Externally, the building&#39;s vertical banding and geometric motifs on its main elevation demonstrates the use of such architectural elements in Queensland shire chambers and town halls of the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The Kingaroy Shire Council Chambers is important because of its aesthetic significance. It is a modest but elegant and well-proportioned building. These qualities are in contrast to its setting with the monumental peanut silos opposite forming a dramatic counterpoint.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s prominent position on a principal thoroughfare of the township expresses the centrality and importance of local government to the community, while its design expresses civic pride and the confidence of Kingaroy Shire at the time of construction.</p><br>
<p>The Kingaroy Shire Council Chambers is also significant for the outstanding craftsmanship of the meeting room. The chambers contains many finely crafted elements and timber joinery including walls panelled in silky oak and floors finished with tulip and rose gum parquetry, dais, meeting table, swivel oak meeting chairs and public seating and map cabinet.</p><br>
<p>Murgon Civic Centre is a heritage-listed town hall at 62-70 Lamb Street, Murgon, South Burnett Region, Queensland, Australia. It is also known as Murgon Public Hall. It was designed by Clifford Ernest Plant and built in 1938 by HG Neilsen. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 9 November 2012.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Murgon Civic Centre, located on the corner of Murgon&#39;s principal intersection, Lamb and Gore Streets, was built in 1938 - a period of civic pride expressed in the building of town halls and council chambers throughout Queensland - to serve this important South Burnett town. Designed by Brisbane architect Clifford Ernest Plant, the Murgon Civic Centre was constructed by Maryborough builder HG Neilsen. Comprising a hall, former library, four shops and a corner clock tower, this Art Deco complex makes a major contribution to the streetscape of Murgon.</p><br>
<p>The town of Murgon grew around the location of an unattended siding on the railway line from Kilkivan, which opened on 14 September 1903. The railway was the crucial causal factor in the vast influx of selectors who took up land excised from Barambah Station in 1902 and again in 1913 and provided the stimulus for the development of Murgon as a service centre. The railway facilitated selectors sending their produce — maize and pumpkins, pigs, cattle and dairy products — to markets.</p><br>
<p>Within the first decade of the towns existence two hotels opened, various stores operated, a combined newsagent, tobacconist and barbers shop opened, a Methodist Church was completed and Murphys Hall was hosting meetings of the Salvation Army and other religious groups. Murgons butter factory opened in 1913.</p><br>
<p>Further stimuli to Murgon&#39;s development were the creation of the Shire of Murgon and the construction of two branch lines from Murgon to Proston and to Windera. The new shire was formed from parts of Weinholt and Kilkivan Shires on 16 January 1914, with Murgon as its administrative centre. The Murgon Shire Chambers were located in Macalister Street by 1919. The two branch rail lines were completed in February 1923 and in March 1925 respectively, making Murgon an important railway junction.</p><br>
<p>By the mid- to late-1930s Murgon was rapidly expanding as a service centre for its surrounding agricultural community. The Shire of Murgon, covered 271 square miles and had a total population of 4000. Major improvements to the town of Murgon during the decade from 1928 to 1938 amounted to £255,000. In 1938 dairying in the Burnett district was burgeoning, having the second largest number of dairy herds and of dairy cows in Queensland after Moreton district. By 1941 Murgon was the second largest centre in the South Burnett with a population of 1091; after Kingaroy, the largest town with 2300 persons.</p><br>
<p>By 1938 plans for the construction of a civic centre at a cost of £10,500 were underway. Tenders were called by the architect, CE Plant, in September 1937 and closed in January 1938. HG Neilsens tender was accepted. Building took place during 1938 and the Murgon Town Hall was officially opened on 16 December 1938 by the Minister for Agriculture, Frank Bulcock. The opening was celebrated with a ball and supper to which all residents of the shire were invited. The building incorporated a main auditorium, library, reading room, and Returned Soldiers League room along Gore Street, a corner clock tower, and five shops facing Lamb Street. Part of the building was situated on the site of the original School of Arts building and several shops. These were removed to the show grounds and redeveloped under the supervision of CE Plant. The new town hall took over many of the functions of the old School of Arts.</p><br>
<p>Town halls of varying design and dimension are landmarks of Australia&#39;s cities and suburbs, shires and towns. They have been important as social venues and focal points for their communities and also for the administration of local government. However, it is from an architectural viewpoint that they are probably best remembered.</p><br>
<p>Numerous town halls were constructed across Australia during the second half of the 1930s as an expression of civic pride when the economy was once again on a more secure foundation after the Great Depression. During the late 1930s many Queensland country towns were engaged in erecting or remodelling civic buildings. More than 20 centres built new shire and council buildings while shire halls at Wambo, Boulia, Woongarra, Gympie, Cunnamulla and Aramac were remodelled. Within the last two years of the 1930s, more than £177,000 was spent on new shire and council halls and nearly £20,000 was outlaid on alterations to existing buildings. This building programme was encouraged by the Queensland Government through subsidies to councils.</p><br>
<p>In Queensland the design of these town halls spanned the spectrum from strict axial classicism (Childers) to Goondiwindi Civic Centre&#39;s highly personal and rich Art Deco-inspired style. Typical was the vertically or striated masonry facade, found for example in the Johnstone Shire Hall at Innisfail (1938) and in the Rockhampton Town Hall (1941); both of which were substantial buildings serving prosperous centres of primary industry. According to architect Ian Sinnamon, author of Putting on a brave front: Queensland between the wars, the Murgon Civic Centre, though more humble in size and resources, is a virtuoso piece of its kind. It and the Johnstone Shire Hall are the only known 1930s Art Deco reinforced concrete municipal buildings of this style and scale in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The Murgon Civic Centre is one of the interwar shire chambers and town halls that are fine examples of the influence of modern architectural styles in Queensland townscapes. Incorporating elements of the jazz-influenced Art Deco and the machine-age vision of the Moderne, these buildings were built as expressions of confidence in a bright and modern future. Stylistic elements of Art Deco and the Moderne include decorative treatments like geometrical motifs, decorative vertical banding and a streamlining of the building form. These features are evident in many prominent civic buildings throughout the State including the Kingaroy Shire Council Chambers, Goondiwindi Civic Centre, Southport Town Hall and Gayndah Shire Hall.</p><br>
<p>Architect CE Plant, designed a number of public buildings in south- east Queensland during the 1930s. These include the Kings Beach Bathing Pavilion at Caloundra, Dalby swimming pool, five bathing pavilions on the Redcliffe peninsula and the Sandgate Bathing Pavilion (demolished). Born in Cheadle, England in 1885 Plant was articled as a pupil and then architect&#39;s assistant in England from 1902. He was employed by the Queensland Government in the Department of Railways as a draftsman 1911-14; was employed as an instructor by the Brisbane Central Technical College; served during World War I (1915–20) before returning to the Central Technical College and working for the Department of Railways during the 1920s. Plant became registered as an architect in Queensland from 1929. His architectural practice however, dated from October 1926 and in the following year he designed premises in Adelaide Street, Brisbane for auctioneers Blocksidge and Ferguson. He produced many residences in Brisbane during the 1920s and 1930s, some influenced by the Spanish Mission style, while other works explored contemporary architectural styles such as the Moderne and neo-Georgian.</p><br>
<p>The exterior of the Murgon Civic Centre is quite intact, although some alterations have been made and the complex has been repainted.</p><br>
<p>The Library building has had a number of functions since 1938. It housed some high school classes before the Murgon State High School was built in 1945 and acted as temporary shire council offices to 1964 until the Shire Council Offices were erected diagonally opposite on Gore Street in the early 1960s. After the building&#39;s completion the library transferred there from the Murgon Civic Centre. Currently, the former library is used as office space. Its asbestos roof was replaced with corrugated metal sheeting after 1995.</p><br>
<p>The town hall continues to be used for its original purpose. Internal alterations to the hall were made in 1972 by Stuart Reed and Associates. Air conditioning, sound proofing and new electrical systems have been added. New changing rooms and a new loading dock were added to the northern end. On either side of the stage, new walls and new openings were added and partitions were removed, altering access to the wings. The kitchen has been refitted.</p><br>
<p>Of the five shops, only the two occupied by the Commonwealth Bank have been substantially altered internally. The shops&#39; original flat awning with signage along the street frontage has been replaced with a convex sheet metal awning.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Murgon Civic Centre is located on the corner of Murgon&#39;s main intersection and comprises a public hall, former library (now offices) and four shops. A central clock tower gives the building prominence in the streetscape and acts as a pivotal point with shops extending from it to south-west along Lamb Street and with the public hall and library extending from it along Gore Street to the north-west. The Murgon Civic Centre is a stately building with a strong presence in Murgon, forming part of the Murgon shopping precinct, and at the rear is bordered by the railway lines to Kilkivan and Proston.</p><br>
<p>The Civic Centre has Art Deco design features including a streamlined appearance, horizontal and vertical banding, simple geometric decoration and three-dimensional massing which emphasise important elements such as entrance ways. The street-facing elevations have stepped parapets and are finished in roughcast cement render with decorative elements accentuated with contrasting paint colours.</p><br>
<h3>Public Hall</h3><br>
<p>The public hall is a double height space with a rectangular footprint. It comprises an auditorium, mezzanine and supper room. The main elevation is symmetrical and links to the former library via a low screen wall. It is constructed with a masonry frame and is finished with a roughcast cement render. A stepped parapet with geometric banding partly conceals a gabled roof which covers the auditorium space and is clad in painted corrugated metal sheeting.</p><br>
<p>Each end of the main elevation is emphasised with a projecting tower. The northern-most tower accommodates the auditorium entrance which has recessed double doors sheltered by a cantilevered masonry awning with decorative edging. The entrance porch is accessed via a short flight of stairs framed by wide columns with decorative horizontal banding. Plaques commemorating the opening of the building have been fixed to the columns below a chevron motif. Vertical banding rises above the awning to stylised lettering forming the words "PUBLIC HALL". The northern-most tower reads as another entrance mirroring the form of the southern end but is in-filled with a multi-paned window above a solid base decorated with a three-dimensional chevron motif. Vertical banding rises above a second-level angled metal-framed window. The parapet of each tower is decorated with parallel sweeping curves.</p><br>
<p>Tall masonry buttresses formed by the building&#39;s concrete frame punctuate the elevation between the towers and frame tall metal-framed windows with truncated tops. Transoms decorated with horizontal banding divide each of the window bays. Two secondary entrances are sheltered by smaller cantilevered awnings. The hall is set on a solid masonry plinth and is separated from the footpath by a low garden bed. Metal rain-heads drain from gutters concealed behind the parapet.</p><br>
<p>A supper room is located at the rear of the building and is a long lean-to structure attached to the auditorium. It has a corrugated metal roof and is clad with weatherboards. It is punctuated with simple timber-framed casement windows. Gable ends of the main building are clad in fibrous cement sheeting. Recent single level change rooms, a loading dock and a small kitchen extension have been added to the library end of the building. These are not considered to be of cultural heritage significance.</p><br>
<p>Internally the building comprises a foyer space with a mezzanine level above (seating 100 people), an auditorium (seating 300 people) and a stage located at the library end. The auditorium is a wide space with a flat, recently installed, acoustic panelled ceiling with recessed lighting. Walls, finished with hardset plaster, are punctuated by the street-facing windows. These are mirrored on the opposite wall, which separates the auditorium from the supper room, by openings filled with timber screening forming a chevron pattern. The stage is simply detailed and lined with fibrous cement sheeting and accessed via double steel-framed steps. The mezzanine level is accessed via simple timber-framed, enclosed-riser stairs. It has little decoration and is furnished with early fixed seating. The foyer space is simply detailed with a flat ceiling lined with fibrous cement joined with timber cover strips. It contains a small box office and double doors provide access into the auditorium.</p><br>
<p>The supper room is a lofty space with exposed roof framing consisting of triangular timber trusses supported on the auditorium&#39;s concrete frame and bracketed off the external wall. Walls and raked ceilings are lined with fibrous cement sheeting joined with timber cover strips.</p><br>
<p>Floors throughout the public hall are lined with clear-finished hardwood tongue and grove boards.</p><br>
<h3>Former Library</h3><br>
<p>The former Library building is a timber-framed building of a more domestic scale with a stepped parapet masonry facade. It is low-set with a hipped roof clad with painted corrugated metal sheeting. The roof is partly concealed by the parapet wall which is finished with rough-cast cement render. The parapet is simply decorated with horizontal banding. A curved cantilevered street awning supported on a steel frame shelters a centrally-placed entrance door with timber- framed casements on either side. A curved garden bed separates the building from the footpath. Other elevations are plain with walls clad in fibrous cement sheeting.</p><br>
<p>Internally the building comprises several office spaces. Walls and ceilings are lined with fibrous cement sheeting joined with cover strips and floors are lined with carpet. Internal doors are panelled timber. Cornices and picture rails are simply detailed and formed from timber.</p><br>
<h3>Shops</h3><br>
<p>Four shops run along Lamb Street with the clock tower located above the corner shop. The shops are timber framed with masonry external walls which form a parapet to the roof behind. A recent curved street awning supported on steel posts has been installed. The roof slopes away from the street to the north-east and is clad with corrugated metal sheeting. The clock tower mirrors the design of the public hall entrance projections with vertical banding rising to the clock face. The clock face is square and is flush with the facade.</p><br>
<p>The two central shops retain some original shopfront glazing. Central, recessed timber-panelled shop doors with multi-paned glass remain to these shops. They are framed by sheet glass shop windows with multi-paned horizontal glazing above. Internally ceilings and walls are unchanged and lined with fibrous cement sheeting joined with timber cover strips. Floors are lined with vinyl sheeting.</p><br>
<p>The corner shop is covered with advertising or in-filled with sheeting and access into the shop is via a metal roller-door. Sheet glass remains either side of the entrance. The fourth shop space has been substantially altered in accordance with the needs of a modern banking facility and an ATM has been installed into the front wall. Early awning windows punctuate the south-east elevation.</p><br>
<p>On Gore Street a large conifer shields the building (not considered to be of cultural heritage significance) and a low concrete-formed garden bed filled with flowering shrubs separates the public hall and the library building from the footpath. A loading dock and bitumened service road accesses the complex adjacent to the library building and leads to a bitumened carpark at the rear of the supper hall.</p><br>
<p>The building overlooks the Royal Hotel on the opposite side of Gore Street and the Murgon War Memorial to the south.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Murgon Civic Centre was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 9 November 2012 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>Murgon Civic Centre (1938) is the result of the growth of Murgon as a major service town in the South Burnett region in the inter-war period. It is important in demonstrating the development of agricultural settlements and establishment of their service towns in rural Queensland up to World War II through the Queensland government&#39;s policy of closer settlement of the land facilitated by branch railway lines.</p><br>
<p>The Murgon Civic Centre is also important in demonstrating the widespread pattern in Queensland of expressing civic pride through building council chambers and town halls during the 1930s. While some were Depression-era relief projects, others, such as Murgon Civic Centre, were built in the latter part of the decade, when economic conditions had improved and expectations for a prosperous future were high.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The Murgon Civic Centre is a good, representative and intact example of a regional Art Deco and Moderne-inspired civic centre. It is one of a group of fine town and shire halls built throughout Queensland in the 1930s in response to improved economic times post-Depression.</p><br>
<p>The Murgon complex displays the principal features of these civic buildings, combining a public hall, library (now offices) shops and a clock tower. Like other town hall complexes, it is the focal point of the community and is located near the centre of the town on the corner of Murgon&#39;s principal streets.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The Murgon Civic Centre is important for its contribution to the townscape of Murgon. Situated at the principal intersection the clock tower is designed to address the corner and ensure the complex&#39;s prominence in the streetscape. The Art Deco influences - linear form, stepped skylines, chevron motifs and decorative horizontal banding - enhance the aesthetic appeal of the complex.</p><br>
<p>The Wharf House is a historic house in the village of North Haven, Maine. Located on a wharf at the waterfront, it is an idiosyncratic expression of Shingle style architecture, built as a canning factory and adapted for residential use in 1912. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Wharf House stands facing the Fox Islands Thorofare on the south side of North Haven Island, at the tip of a point just east of the island community&#39;s main dock and harbor area. It is a long rectangular wood frame structure, built partly on land and partly on a series of granite piers projecting roughly south from the point. It is surrounded by a wooden deck, which is extended as a dock further to the south. The water-facing end of the building sports a curved porch with decorative turned posts and balustrades on the upper level, and large curved brackets below, making it resemble the poop deck of sailing galleons of the 16th and 17th centuries; this porch extends partway along the long sides. The building is clad in wooden shingles, and is topped by a gabled roof occasionally punctured by eyebrow dormers. The interior is largely finished in tongue-and-groove woodwork, with exposed beams in the ceilings.</p><br>
<p>According to local historians, the property was first developed in 1880, when Lewis MacDonald built a fish processing and canning facility. It was serving as a sail loft when it was purchased in 1897 by John Reynolds, Jr. In 1912, Reynolds had the existing building renovated (in a design attributed by the family to H. Deland Chandler) into its present form. It is one of the state&#39;s most unusual examples of an adaptive creation of a summer residence.</p><br>
<p>The Wiscasset Historic District is a 101 acre historic district that encompasses substantially all of the central village of Wiscasset, Maine. The district includes at least 22 contributing buildings and two other contributing sites, one being a cemetery whose oldest stone is from 1739. Located on the west bank of the Sheepscot River and settled in the 18th century, Wiscasset was a prominent harbor in Mid Coast Maine, and a major shipbuilding and merchant port, until the War of 1812 ended its prosperity. The village center includes fine examples of Federal period architecture, most built between about 1780 and 1820, including one National Historic Landmark, the Nickels-Sortwell House. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The town of Wiscasset is located on the western bank of the Sheepscot River, at a wide point above the northern tip of Westport island, which the river passes on both sides en route to the Gulf of Maine. It is thus afforded with a deep and sheltered harbor area. Wiscasset was first settled by Europeans in the 1670s, but conflict with the local Native Americans (sometimes with French assistance) prevented significant permanent settlement until the 1760s. Incorporated as part of Pownalborough in 1760, it was incorporated as Wiscasset in 1794 when Pownalborough was split into Dresden, Alna, and Perkins. Wiscasset then also became the shire town of Lincoln County. It flourished as a shipbuilding and commercial center until the Embargo Act of 1807 damaged its economy, and the War of 1812 wrecked it. The towns economy has since been a shadow of that periods success, and development stalled, only sometimes punctuated by fires, which were mainly restricted to its waterfront areas.</p><br>
<p>During the height of its economic success, a significant amount of fairly high-style Federal architecture was built. Prominent examples are found along some of its residential streets, as well as United States Route 1, the main east-west route through the village, where the National Historic Landmark Nickels-Sortwell House stands. This house, built in 1805, is one of nations finest examples of Federal architecture. Other prominent buildings include the public library, located in an 1805 brick mansion, and the former Wiscasset Academy building, built in 1807 and now housing an art gallery. The district also includes a few examples of later architecture, including the octagonal Capt. George Scott House on Federal Street. The Wiscasset Jail and Museum, built in 1809, is one of the states oldest surviving jails, and is (like the Nickels-Sortwell House) a museum open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing resources</h2><br>
<p>Ancient Cemetery, earliest existing stone 1739 (photo 1)</p><br>
<p>Judge Rice House, before 1766, on Route 1 (photo 2)</p><br>
<p>Kingsbury House (1763), at Federal & Washington Streets, moved from site of Nickels-Sortwell House</p><br>
<p>Tucker-Nash House, before 1784, Main & Pleasant Streets, moved in 1792 to current location</p><br>
<p>Erskine-Marston House (1785), Main Street</p><br>
<p>Hodge House (1787), Rt. #1 & Hodge Street, documented by HABS</p><br>
<p>Lilac Cottage (Antique Shop) (before 1789), Washington Street</p><br>
<p>Governor Smith House, 1792 (photo 3), High Street, documented by HABS</p><br>
<p>The Elmes (1793), Pleasant & Bradbury Street. Built by Gen. Abiel Wood, whose last wife Sally Sayward Wood was Maine&#39;s first female novelist. Moved to present site by Wm. Elmes.</p><br>
<p>Bradford House, 1794. Bradford Street (photo 4) Built by Alden Bradford, descendant of Gov. Bradford and second Congregational minister of Wiscasset, who later became Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and wrote "History of Massachusetts"</p><br>
<p>Frances Cook House (1795), Main & Pleasant Streets. Built for Francis Cook, first USA Customs collector (first in Wiscasset?) and a personal friend of George Washington</p><br>
<p>Manasseh Smith House (1797), Main Street, believed to be first brick house in Wiscasset</p><br>
<p>Moses Carlton House (1804-05), High Street (photo 5). Sold to Capt. Moses Carlton for 100 puncheons of rum.</p><br>
<p>Damon House, also known as the "Pink House" (1805), Federal Street (photo 6). Owned by Harvard University, administered by Boston Athenaeum. One of five Federal houses in the area which were built by Wm. Stacey.</p><br>
<p>Pumpkin House (1807), Fore & Fort Hill Streets</p><br>
<p>Nickels-Sortwell House (1807), Main and Federal Street. Documented by HABS.</p><br>
<p>Castle Tucker (1807-08), High & Lee Streets (photo 7). Has "unusual elliptical stairs. Double piazza and Victorian trim added by Capt. Richard Tucker in 1859."</p><br>
<p>Wood-Foote House, also known as Abiel Wood House, (1811-1824), High Street. (photo 9) Three-story mansion with Palladian window and doorway.</p><br>
<p>Blagdon-Emerson House (before 1819), Federal Street near Danforth. "Typical two-story mart and manse where Charles E. Emerson published periodicals Littiputian (1881-91) and then the Sheepscot Echo."</p><br>
<p>Samuel Page House (1837), Lee Street. Has "handcarved porch by Edbury Hatch, of Newcastle. A ship&#39;s figure-head carver added in the early 20th century." HABS documented.</p><br>
<p>Clark-Wood House (1852), also known as "Musical Wonder House", High Street. Built as a double house, HABS-documented, was a museum in 1972</p><br>
<p>Other than houses:</p><br>
<p>Cemetery</p><br>
<p>Wiscasset Academy, also known as Old Academy (1807), Hodge & Warren Streets. HABS-documented. An art gallery in 1972. Separately NRHP-listed.</p><br>
<p>Wiscasset Jail and Museum, also known as Lincoln County Museum and Jail (1809-11 jail, 1837 or 1839 jailer&#39;s house), Federal Street (photo 8). HABS documented. Separately NRHP-listed.</p><br>
<p>Old Powder House (1813), Churchill Street. Brick. HABS-documented</p><br>
<p>Old Customhouse (1869-70), Water, Fore & Middle Streets. Separately NRHP-listed.</p><br>
<p>Lincoln County Courthouse (1824) (photo 10)</p><br>
<p>Capt. George Scott House (Octagon House) (1855), Federal Street (photo 11)</p><br>
<p>Wewenock Building or Wawenock Block (1856), Main Street (Route 1) (photo 12)</p><br>
<p>Wiscasset Public Library (1805), High Street. Was second brick house in Wiscasset, later was various banks, then county offices, then house, then library in 1929.</p><br>
<h2>Other</h2><br>
<p>The Rutherford and Martha Ellis House, a Colonial Revival cottage built in 1939 in Atlanta, Georgia, was based on a Wiscasset cottage that was built in 1770.</p><br>
<p>The Vaughan Woods and Historic Homestead is a historic estate at 2 Litchfield Road in Hallowell, Maine. Now a museum property open to the public, it was developed in 1797 by Charles Vaughan for his brother Benjamin. Both Vaughans were leading businessmen and leaders in Hallowell at the time, Benjamin having married into the prominent Hallowell family. A portion of the property, encompassing the main house and surrounding landscaped area, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Vaughan estate is located south of downtown Hallowell, on a property overlooking the Kennebec River, that is bounded on the north by Litchfield Road, the west by Interstate 95, the south by public lands containing regional schools, and the east by Greenville Street and small residential roads. The estate covers nearly 200 acre, much of it woodland. The northern third is separated from the south by Vaughan Brook, which flows east from Cascade Pond (on the property) to the Kennebec River. It is in this area that the main estate buildings are located. The house is a large and rambling structure, two stories in height. The original main block is the southernmost portion, except for a now-enclosed porch extending across its southeastern face that is a 19th-century addition. To the northwest of this block there are a series of ells, also mostly of 19th-century origin, one of which is in a distinctive octagon shape. The house is surrounded by terraced landscaping. To the south and west of the house are woods, with hiking trails offering scenic views and access to historic uses of the property.</p><br>
<p>The estate was part of the once-large holdings of Benjamin Hallowell, one of the Kennebec Proprietors and the namesake of the city. Hallowell&#39;s daughter Sarah married Benjamin Vaughan, son of a London merchant, and their two sons, Charles and Benjamin, moved to Hallowell in 1791 and 1797, respectively. Charles had the main portion of this estate house built for Benjamin in anticipation of his arrival. Benjamin Vaughan was a merchant and diplomat, playing a critical role in negotiations ending the American Revolutionary War. Both Vaughans were active in the promotion of business and the economic development of Hallowell.</p><br>
<p>By the late 19th century, a significant portion of the Vaughan estate had been sold off and cleared of trees. Vaughan descendants William and Benjamin Vaughan began in 1890 to repurchase portions of the estate and restoring the woodlands. The present estate is largely a product of their efforts. William&#39;s heirs donated a conservation easement to the Kennebec Land Trust in 1991, and the property was eventually taken over by a non-profit organization founded in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Wales N. Johnson House is a historic house at 43 Senior Lane in Woodstock, Vermont. Built in 1889-90 by the owner of a local sawmill, it is a high quality example of vernacular Queen Anne architecture. Now serving as the Jackson House Inn, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Wales N. Johnson House is located southwest of Woodstock village, on the northwest side of Senior Lane, a former alignment of United States Route 4, whose present alignment passes just to the southeast. The original house is now at the center of a rambling complex of additions, extending mainly to its north and west. The house is 2-1/2 stories in height, with a gabled roof, mostly clapboarded exterior, and granite foundation. The gable ends and gabled dormers feature Victorian cut shingles and vergeboard decoration on the rake edges. A 1-1/2 story addition extends to the southwest, exhibiting similar styling. Porches extend across most of the main block and this addition, with chamfered square posts, jigsawn brackets, and decorative balustrades. Brackets similar to those on the porch are also found at the main roof cornice. The interior of the house features a fairly typical Georgian central hall plan, altered to open the spaces somewhat, and to provide access to the more modern wings of the building. It is richly decorated in a wide variety of woods and finishes, exhibiting to versatility of the original building owner&#39;s wood products.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1889-90 for Wales N. Johnson, the owner of a sawmill in nearby West Woodstock. It is one of a relatively small number of houses built in Woodstock during the late 19th-century, a local economic depression occasioned by the rise of more industrialized communities and the availability of better land for settlement in the American west. Johnson kept detailed accounts of the house construction, and oversaw the cutting of the wood (taken mostly from land he owned) at his own mill. For most of the years since 1940, the house has served as a tourist accommodation, under a variety of names.</p><br>
<p>The Morrison Main Street Historic District is a national historic district in Morrison, Illinois. The district encompasses an eight-block commercial area in downtown Morrison and includes 65 buildings, 53 of which are contributing buildings. Development in the district began in the 1850s, the same decade that Morrison was platted and incorporated, and continued through the mid-20th century. The districts growth was tied to the citys primarily agricultural economy and was spurred by its access to the Chicago and North Western Railway in the 19th century and the Lincoln Highway in the 20th. The most prevalent architectural styles in the district are Italianate and High Victorian Eclectic, both of which were most popular in the mid-to-late 19th century; other styles which can be found in the district include Romanesque Revival, Commercial, Classical Revival, Modernist, and various vernacular designs.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 25, 2014.</p><br>
<p>Lake Naomi is a 277 acre lake with private beaches and marinas located in Pocono Pines, Pennsylvania in the Pocono Mountains of Northeastern Pennsylvania. The community of Lake Naomi Club is a resort community that includes 1,400 families who own property surrounding Lake Naomi.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In September 1895, a 14-foot (4.3 m) dam was constructed across Tunkhannock Creek and water began backing-up forming "Lake Naomi", a lake more than a mile long and about one-third of a mile wide. The Ice Company was granted a 99-year lease for "the exclusive use of the water and its privileges." It was chartered for the purpose of "erecting a dam, for pleasure, boating, skating, fishing and the cutting, storing and selling of ice."</p><br>
<p>In 1902, visitors came from many of the surrounding metropolitan areas including New York City and Philadelphia. In the same year the first bathing beach was created and some lots on the north side of the lake were subdivided and sold to summer cottagers. A sailing camp for girls was set up on the northwest side of the lake. A Lutheran retreat, Lutherland, was erected on the southern side of the lake. The Millers and others utilized southern and eastern sides of the lake for swimming, sailing, skating, fishing. In 1921, a boathouse and beach were constructed on the site of today&#39;s Lake Naomi Clubhouse. In 1938, a famous Pennsylvania Supreme Court case took place over who owned the water rights to Lake Naomi, as the surrounding lands were soon owned by many different parties. See Miller v. Lutheran Conference & Camp Ass&#39;n, 331 Pa. 241 (Pa. 1938).</p><br>
<p>In 1963, the Logan Steele family purchased 2,600 acres (11 km2) surrounding the lake which eventually was turned into a resort community called the Lake Naomi Club. Logan Steel died in the 1980s and the club is now owned by its members and run by a board of governors.</p><br>
<p>The Whitehead Lifesaving Station was a maritime rescue facility on Whitehead Island, an island off the coast of St. George, Maine at the mouth of Penobscot Bay. Established in 1874 by the United States Life-Saving Service, its original building is one of the best-preserved of the five stations built by the service on the coast of Maine and New Hampshire at that time. The station was in active use until the 1940s, and is now privately owned. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Whitehead Island is a 90 acre island off the northeastern coast of St. George, near the southwestern approach to Penobscot Bay. In addition to the former lifesaving station, the island is also home to Whitehead Light, located at its southeastern point. The lifesaving station is located near the southwestern point of the island, between it and a small peninsula jutting to the south. Its historic features include the original 1874 building, located near the water, and a 1922 residential structure set further inland. Between these two structures is a small parade ground which was used by the station crews for drills; part of this ground includes the foundation point where a "wreck pole" was mounted, simulating the mast of a ship. The 1874 building is a two-story rectangular wood frame structure with decorative Italianate features, while the 1922 residence is a modest vernacular two-story building with a hip roof.</p><br>
<p>The original 1874 building was probably designed by Francis Chandler, who was employed in the Office of the Supervising Architect of the United States Treasury Department. The 1922 building was probably designed by Victor Mendelhoff, the principal architect of the United States Life-Saving Service from 1896. The Life-Saving Service was merged into the United States Coast Guard, which closed the facility about 1944, selling it into private ownership. Most of Whitehead Island is privately owned, with a conservation easement protecting most of it. The facilities of the station are rented by the owners to the Pine Island Camp, which owns the lighthouse complex and conducts trips to the island.</p><br>
<p>The Vickery Building is a historic commercial building at 261 Water Street in downtown Augusta, Maine. Built 1895 to a design by John C. Spofford, it is one of the downtown&#39;s few granite commercial buildings, built for Peleg O. Vickery, a leading publisher and three-term mayor of the city. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Vickery Building stands on the east side of Water Street in downtown Augusta, just north of the Doughty Block, and opposite the Key Plaza. It is a four-story masonry structure, with a three-bay granite facade decorated in a commercial Italianate style. The ground floor has a central recessed entrance flanked by Ionic columns, with display windows on either side, framed by wooden elements with panels above. Second-floor window bays are articulated by paired fluted pilasters and topped by pedimented gables. Third-floor windows are set in rectangular openings surrounded by keystoned arches set on capitals that top the paired pilasters of the second level. The fourth floor bays each have two sash windows in simple openings, and the building has an elaborate cornice topped by a decorative parapet.</p><br>
<p>The Vickery Building was designed by John C. Spofford, an architect from Boston who had several notable commissions in Maine, including one of the Maine State Capitol wings. It was built for Peleg O. Vickery, who was one of the city&#39;s leading publishers, and served three terms as its mayor. This building was built by Vickery as a business investment, and continues to see commercial use.</p><br>
<p>St. Berrihert&#39;s Kyle is an ecclesiastical enclosure and National Monument containing cross slabs, wheel crosses, high crosses and a cursing stone located in County Tipperary, Ireland.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>St. Berrihert&#39;s Kyle is located in the Glen of Aherlow at the foot of the Galtee Mountains, 4.5 km southwest of Bansha.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>St. Berrihert&#39;s Kyle is named after Saint Berrihert (Berrahert, Bernihardt, Bericheart), an Anglo-Saxon holy man who is traditionally believed to have come to the Glen after the Synod of Whitby (AD 664), and in some biographies is the brother of Gerald of Mayo (d. 731). Many Saxon monks came to the region after the controversy at that synod over the dating of Easter. He is probably the same man as St Berichter, the patron of an early medieval ecclesiastical site at Tullylease, County Cork. A cross slab there mentions Beirchachtuire, an Irish version of the Anglo-Saxon name Beorhtwine ("bright friend"). The Annals of the Four Masters mention the death of Berichtir of Tulach Leis on 6 December 839; this could be an error for 739. His feast day is February 18.</p><br>
<p>A vast collection of stone cross slabs and other monuments were placed in the Kyle (from Irish cill, "church&quot a medieval church once stood on the spot).</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>St. Berrihert&#39;s Kyle is a stone enclosure containing a variety of stone monuments: 72 slabs, fragments of a bullaun stone, four wheel crosses, the head and base of a high cross, the head of a small cross and a slab with an incomplete inscription on it. It is possible that the walls of the church were taken away for other building use, but the carved stones were considered sacred and so were left on site.</p><br>
<p>The stone enclosure is a recent construction, built in 1946 by the Office of Public Works.</p><br>
<h3>St. Berrihert's Well</h3><br>
<p>Nearby is a holy well; a pool 20 m across traditionally believed to heal scalds and burns.</p><br>
<p>Monte Meta  is a mountain of the Apennine Mountains, in central Italy.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The mountain is part of the Monti della Meta range and lies in the Parco Nazionale d&#39;Abruzzo, Lazio e Molise. It includes a tripoint where the Italian regions of Lazio, Abruzzo and Molise meet; concerned comuni are Alfedena (AQ), Picinisco (FR) and Pizzone (IS). The tripoint is located on its western sub-summit, at 2185 m, which is also the highest point of Molise.</p><br>
<h2>Toponymy</h2><br>
<p>More than Monte Meta (masculine) the mountain is usually called in the spoken language la Meta (feminine); it gives the name to the Monti della Meta, an Apennine sub-range.</p><br>
<h2>Access to the summit</h2><br>
<p>Due to an important population of Rupicapra pyrenaica ssp. ornata living on the mountain, the access to the area is strictly regulated in order to reduce disturbance. A single foothpath (named L1) is accessible to hikers during the summer. Also the days of the week for hikes and the number of hikers admitted pro day are fixed, and a previous authorization must be requested to the natural park administration.</p><br>
<p>Valerón’s "monastery"  is an archaeological site on the Spanish island of Grand Canary, in the municipality of Santa Maria de Guia, on Valerón&#39;s cliff. It is the largest pre-Hispanic collective granary built before Roman times and used by the island’s inhabitants until the conquest of the island at the end of the 15th century.</p><br>
<p>Close to Gáldar Painted cave, it is one of the emblematic sites of Grand Canary and is listed as a Spanish Property of cultural interest.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>It is located 600 m (in direct line) south of the northern coast of the Gran Canary island, on the small GC-291 road, near Las Palmas (23 km east) and Agaete (11 km south-west) (see § "Access" for more details). Galdar is about 4 km west in direct line. The site overlooks the San Felipe ravine, a north-orientated funnel-shaped valley crossed over by a large bridge for the GC-2 motorway.</p><br>
<p>The place was chosen for its easy-to-dig tuff, for the fact that it is hidden from the sea and for its extremely steep access slopes that make good natural defences.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The collective granary known as "cenobio de Valerón" is a complex system of caves on several levels: 298 compartments with surfaces between one and three square meters, distributed on 8 levels. Altogether with silos, rooms, caves and cavities, there are more than 350 storage places. They were excavated with stone and wood tools in the soft tuff - cemented volcanic tephra - in the north-west face of the mountain known nowadays as Mountain of the Galician (“ Montaña del Gallego ”). The easy defence of the site, the natural shelter offered by a natural arch in the mountain and the conditions of temperature and dampness were making it ideal for its use.</p><br>
<p>The caves or silos are of varied forms and sizes, communicating somewhat with each other, and they are grouped on several superposed levels. The steps excavated in the rock still exist and they may have been complemented with stairs or scaffoldings and ropes, of which there are no archaeological remains.</p><br>
<p>The caves were shut with doors made of unknown material, which left traces. These are believed to have been made of wood, stone slabs and it seems that when wooden doors were used they received a seal (pintadera) to indicate the owner. Their holes, as well as other grooves, were sealed in addition by an ashen mortar. All this aimed at preserving the crops.</p><br>
<p>Within the site are found idols, paintings, ceramics, human bones and ashes, which are believed to have belonged to those who were guarding the granary.</p><br>
<p>Accounts dating from the Spanish conquest mention towers framing the caves.</p><br>
<p>The sheer size of the caves complex is witness to the importance of agriculture on Gran Canary, for subsistence but also for the societys socio-political structure; and of the power of its governing casts. Alone on that among the Canary islands that all favoured stock-breeding, Gran Canarys agriculture was dominated by plantations, with much of these being grains.</p><br>
<h2>Origin of the name</h2><br>
<p>The name of “monastery” comes from the Roman belief that herein had lived some celibate priestesses called “ harimaguadas ”, with whom young women of noble class came to live until their marriage (this society was matrilineal). The above mentioned vision prevailed up to the 20th century, when Guy Marcy, a French archaeologist, was the first to recognize its real use as being obviously similar to that of other structures of the island and of north Africa. In addition, some of the chronicles mention the practice of preserving the food in crags of difficult access. The North African granaries or agadirs often have a common storage area, guarded by the community to which it belongs, with chambers used and maintained by individuals.</p><br>
<h2>Similar structures</h2><br>
<p>Other similar granary structures on the island are :</p><br>
<p>King&#39;s caves (cuevas del Rey) and (Sp. Roque Bentayga) in Tejeda</p><br>
<p>Caves of the Granary (cuevas del Pósito) near Temisas, Agüimes</p><br>
<p>El Álamo site near Acusa, Artenara</p><br>
<p>the Numerous caves (Sp. cuevas Muchas) in the Guayadeque ravine (Sp. barranco de Guayadeque), Ingenio</p><br>
<p>Anzofé site near Galdar</p><br>
<p>La Montañeta near Moya</p><br>
<p>Caves of the Dove (cuevas del Palomar) near Tabuco, Ingenio</p><br>
<p>La Isleta near Las Palmas</p><br>
<p>Barranco de Silva near Telde</p><br>
<p>(cuevas del Draguillo) in El Gamonal (Telde), between Telde and Ingenio</p><br>
<p>Los Pilares cave in the Four Doors cave site, Telde complex near Telde</p><br>
<p>Tara site in Telde</p><br>
<p>Temisas in Aguimes</p><br>
<p>Rosiana site in San Bartolomé de Tirajana</p><br>
<p>Cueva de la Audiencia in the Four Doors cave site on Bermeja mountain, Telde</p><br>
<p>Birbique in Roque Bermejo, Agaete</p><br>
<p>All are located in the north-west, north and north-east of the island. Although a few caves were dug in isolated locations, most of them are near the sea coast and are concentrated, often in large groups. The largest structures are near the two towns that were the main population centres in pre-Hispanic times: Telde and Galdar.</p><br>
<p>Some of the main artificial cave sites of the island are located in the relative vicinity of the Painted cave (cuevas del Hospital, Huertas del Rey or the Audience cave at the Four Doors cave site).</p><br>
<h2>Protection</h2><br>
<p>Valerón&#39;s Monastery was declared Historical Artistic Monument on October 14, 1978, by royal decree 2.756/78. Due to the current law, 16/85 of June 25, 1985 on Historical Spanish Heritage, it became a Property of cultural interest in the category of "Archaeological site". The site belongs to the Santa María de Guía’s municipality, being inscribed in the Municipal Inventory of Built Properties, and in the Land registry of Property of urban nature.</p><br>
<p>In 2010 was undertaken a large restoration program that included the rehabilitation of the historic San Felipe footpath used of old by the locals to access the caves. The site was shut for 2 years.</p><br>
<p>Nowadays the site is open to the public as archaeological park, and is included in the Network of archaeological parks of Grand Canary. The latter also includes the archaeological sets of Arteara necrópolis in Fataga, the necropolis in Agaete, the Cañada de Los Gatos by Mogán’s beach, Bentayga Rock (Roque Bentayga) in Tejeda, the Guayadeque ravine (barranco de Guayadeque) in Ingenio near Agüimes, the Painted cave (cueva Pintada) in Galdar, and the Four Doors cave site (Cuatro Puertas) in Telde.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The main access to the GC-291 road is immediately east of Albercon de la Virgen, from exit 20 on the 2 x 2 lanes "carretera Variante de Silva" GC-2 highway that goes from Agaete (11 km north-east) and Las Palmas (23 km west); or indirectly from exit 21 (Llano Parra, GC-292, GC-70, Guia, Artenara) of the same GC-2 highway. At exit n° 20 on both directions are indicated the Felix Santiago Meliàn factory, the GC-291 and the cenobio de Valeron - the latter being about 4 km from exit 20.</p><br>
<p>The other end of the GC-291 road (eastways) joins again the GC-2 road near San Felipe in the direction of Las Palmas (not that of Agaete), but the traffic cannot exit the GC-2 either way.</p><br>
<p>The site is open for visits all year round from Tuesday to Sunday, except for a few special days (Boxing day, Xmas, New year...). The caves themselves are off-limits for reasons of security and preservation, and the site is fenced in and shut at night.</p><br>
<p>Since the recent rehabilitation works, the site now offers a discovery circuit with information panels along the path, maquettes and other media for visitors.</p><br>
<p>Juniper Hill Farm, also known historically as Juniper Hill Inn and the Maxwell Evarts House, is a historic estate and mansion house on Juniper Hill Road in Windsor, Vermont. Built in 1902 by Maxwell Evarts, it is a large and elaborate example of Colonial Revival architecture. Evarts was a prominent New York lawyer, who played host to two presidents of the United States here. The property has seen a variety of commercial uses since the death of Evarts&#39; son in 1936. As the Juniper Hill Inn, it was featured in the opening episodes of Hotel Hell in 2012. It was sold at a foreclosure auction in 2014, and in 2016 reopened as the Windsor Mansion Inn. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Juniper Hill Farm stands atop the crest of a hill northwest of Windsors main village and is accessed via a winding drive on the north side of Juniper Hill Road. The main house is a large U-shaped 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, oriented with the open end of the U to the north, facing terraced landscaping. The central portion of the U is covered by a dormered hip roof, while the wings are only two stories in height, also covered by hip roofs. The original main entrance is at the center of the southern facade, sheltered by a small gabled portico; it has flanking sidelight windows and a semi-oval transom window. A portion of an open colonnade of fluted Doric columns (once extending across the entire facade and covered by an arbor trellis, all since removed) projects in front of the entrance. The interior retains many original features, including elegant woodwork, a butlers pantry with original cabinets, and a library with panelled walls and fine oak shelving.</p><br>
<p>Maxwell Evarts was the son of William M. Evarts, a prominent lawyer notable for (among other accomplishments) his role in the impeachment of Andrew Johnson. The younger Evarts followed his father into the profession, also moving in high political circles due to his involvement with the Union Pacific Railroad. The Evarts family was also closely associated with sculptor Augustus St. Gaudens, whose summer studio (now a National Historic Site) was just across the Connecticut River in Cornish, New Hampshire. This house was built (apparently to designs by Maxwell Evarts) in 1902, on land that had been accumulated by the elder Evarts. Evarts made the estate his home until his death in 1913, playing host to Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson in that time. The property remained in the Evarts family until 1944, when it was sold by the ex-wife of Maxwell Evarts&#39; son. The property has served most of the time since then as an inn and restaurant, but has also seen use as a retreat center and nursing home. It was sold to a bank for $405,000 at a foreclosure auction in 2014. It reopened in 2016 as the Windsor Mansion Inn.</p><br>
<p>Indiana State Soldiers Home Historic District is a historic Soldiers Home and national historic district located in Tippecanoe Township and Wabash Township, Tippecanoe County, Indiana. The district encompasses four contributing buildings on the campus of the former Soldiers Home. They are the Post Exchange, Commandants House, Library Building , and the Administration Building. Funding for the home was approved by the Indiana State Legislature in 1888, and building commenced in 1890. Most of the original buildings were demolished in the 1950s. The property continued to be administered by the Indiana Department of Veterans Affairs as the Indiana Veterans’ Home</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The St. Johns Congregational Church and Parsonage-Parish for Working Girls are a pair of historic religious buildings at 69 Hancock and 643 Union Streets in Springfield, Massachusetts. The church, built in 1911 for an African-American congregation founded in 1889, is a well-preserved example of English and Gothic Revival architecture. The parsonage, built in 1913, is a little-altered example of Colonial Revival architecture. Both buildings are important in the history of Springfields African-American community, and were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016. The church building is now occupied by a different congregation, the original having moved to larger quarters across Union Street; the parsonage house continues to be used by the St. John&#39;s congregation as an education center.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The historic buildings of the St. Johns congregation are located east of downtown Springfield, in the citys Old Hill neighborhood. The church stands at the southeast corner of Union and Hancock Streets, and the former parsonage next to it on Union Street. The modern St. John&#39;s church, opened in 2013, stands across Union Street. The historic church faces Hancock Street; it is a single-story wood frame building, with a gabled roof and shingled exterior. It was built in 1911 to a design by Hammett Seabury, a regionally prominent architect. The parsonage is a 2-1/2 story Colonial wood-frame structure, also designed by Seabury, and completed in 1913.</p><br>
<p>The St. Johns congregation traces its origins to the oldest of Springfields African-American congregations. The Free Church was founded in 1844, and was an important area center of abolitionist activity, serving as a nexus of activity on the Underground Railroad. The church congregation included the noted abolitionist John Brown in its early years. In 1889, this congregation merged with the Sanford Street Congregational Church to form St. Johns. Growth in the citys African-American population was significant in the decades after the American Civil War, and by the start of the 20th century the church was straining its existing quarters. The church was built during the leadership period of Rev. William DeBerry, and the church also built the adjacent parsonage, initially as a facility for educating and training girls (a similar building for training boys and young men has not survived). Under DeBerrys leadership, the church was also given land in East Brookfield, at which it established Camp Atwater, as a summer facility for its youth. The girls training house was converted to a parish house and meeting space in the 1960s. The new church was built in 2013, and the old one is now occupied by a different congregation.</p><br>
<p>The Col du Berthiand is a mountain pass rising to 780 m above sea level, situated on the Montagne de Berthiand in the Jura mountains. It is located in the department of Ain in France and joins the commune of Serrières-sur-Ain with Nurieux-Volognat.</p><br>
<h2>Toponymy</h2><br>
<p>The name, like those of the Montagne de Berthiand and the hamlet of Berthiand originate from Bertoldingos ("with the Bertoldingi") derived from the family name Bertoald.</p><br>
<h2>Cycling</h2><br>
<p>The Tour de France has traversed the Col du Berthiand on four occasions, the last being during the 2016 Tour de France. The riders who crossed in the lead are shown in the table:</p><br>
<p>In the more distant past, it illustrated the skill of Charly Gaul, in particular during the Circuit des Six-Provinces in 1954, but also during the Tour des provinces du Sud-Est in 1955.</p><br>
<p>Hill Crest Community Center is a historic community centre complex located at Clinton, Vermillion County, Indiana. The complex was built between 1911 an 1922 and consists of three interconnected buildings. The chapel was designed by noted architect Isaac Pursell and built in 1911. It is a 1 1/2-story, brick building with Queen Anne style design elements. The gymnasium / auditorium building was added in 1922, and is a barrel-vaulted roofed brick building with Late Colonial Revival style design elements. The two-story, brick Prairie School style residence was also added about 1922. The community center provided a focus of community service to the immigrant population of Clinton.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>Clinton Downtown Historic District is a national historic district located at Clinton, Vermillion County, Indiana. The district encompasses 46 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 1 contributing object in the central business district of Clinton. It developed between about 1880 and 1935 and includes representative examples of Italianate, Romanesque Revival, and Bungalow / American Craftsman style architecture. Notable contributing resources include the C. & E. I Passenger Station , Bogart Park and Claude Matthews bust / memorial, Scott-Martin Block , H.H. Wisehart Building , Mark W. Lyday Building , Ford Agency Building , and C. & E. I Freight Depot .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>THe Vienna Town House is a historic government building on Maine State Route 41 in Vienna, Maine. Built in 1854-55, it is a well-preserved local example of transitional Greek Revival-Italianate architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. It continues to be used for municipal functions.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Vienna Town House is located northwest of the village center of Vienna, on the south side of Town House Road (SR 41) east of its junction with Mineral Springs Road. It is a single-story wood frame structure, with a gabled roof, clapboarded exterior, and granite foundation. The gable and eaves have paired brackets, and the main facade is symmetrical, with two entrances flanking a sash window, all set in round-arch openings. A half-round louver is set in the gable, above the entrances and a marble panel honoring the buildings donor. Windows along the sides are six-over-six sash, set in rectangular openings.</p><br>
<p>The town house was built in 1854-55, and was a gift of Vienna native Joseph Whittier. Its architect is unknown; it may have been a Boston architect, as that is where Whittier was based at the time of his donation. The building exhibits more architectural sophistication than many similar town houses in Maine&#39;s smaller communities.</p><br>
<p>The Old Waterville High School, also known historically as the Gilman Street School, is a former school building at 21 Gilman Street in Waterville, Maine. Opened in 1912 and enlarged in the 1930s with Works Progress Administration funding, it is locally distinctive for its Collegiate Gothic and Art Deco architecture, and for its importance to the city&#39;s education system. The building, now converted to residences, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Old Waterville High School stands on the north side of Gilman Street, between Burleigh and West Streets, in a residential area just west of the citys downtown. The school consists of three major sections, consisting of its original main section and two flanking wings. The central block is a three-story masonry structure, built out of brick with cast stone trim. It has a raised basement, and a pair of entrances set in Gothic arched openings. Its center bays project, and its upper-floor windows are grouped in tall panels, accentuating the buildings height. To the west stands the 1936 training wing, which has a more streamlined design with echoes of the original, and to the east stands the 1938-39 gymnasium and auditorium wing, which is more ornate than the first wing but less so than the original block. Both wings are built using similar materials to the original block.</p><br>
<p>The main block was built in 1909-13 to a design by Freeman, Funk and Wilcox, an architectural firm based in Brookline, Massachusetts, and is one of its few known examples of educational architecture. The Collegiate Gothic style they chose is also uncommon in Maine, and typically appears only on college campuses. The wings were both designed by the Augusta firm of Bunker and Savage, specialists in educational architecture. Funding for the additions was provided by the federal Works Progress Administration. It was the citys second high school (and first after incorporation as a city), the first having been opened in 1876. It served as the citys high school until 1964, and then as its junior high school. The junior high was moved to new facilities in the 1970, after which the building housed administrative offices and other education-related uses. It has since been redeveloped to primarily house low-income residents.</p><br>
<p>Columbia City Historic District is a national historic district located at Columbia City, Whitley County, Indiana. The district encompasses 197 contributing buildings in the central business district and surrounding residential sections of Columbia City. It developed between about 1840 and 1937 and includes representative examples of Greek Revival, Italianate, Queen Anne, Second Empire, Classical Revival, and Bungalow / American Craftsman style architecture. Located in the district is the separately listed Whitley County Courthouse. Other notable contributing buildings include the former Whitley County Courthouse , Adams Y. Hooper Residence , Thomas Shorb Residence , William McNagny Residence , Elisha L. McLallen House , Whitley County Jail , City Hall , Peabody  Library , USA Post Office , Central Building , D.B. Clugston Block , Masonic Temple , Church of the Brethren , Presbyterian Church , Methodist Church , and Baptist Church .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The Kendron Brook Bridge is a historic stone arch bridge, carrying Densmore Hill Road across Kendron Brook in southern Woodstock, Vermont. Built about 1810, it is one of the state&#39;s older stone bridges, built from locally gathered stone. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Kendron Brook Bridge is located in a rural residential area of southern Woodstock, just east of the junction of Densmore Hill Road and Vermont Route 106. The bridge is a small single-span structure, 14 ft wide and 22 ft long, rising to about 9 ft above Kendron Brook. The edges of the bridge are lined with a low concrete curb, on which a simple wooden railing has been mounted. (At the time of its National Register listing, it still had apparently original metal stanchions with yokes; these have since been removed.) The bridge&#39;s arch is fashioned out of irregularly shaped stone, which is predominantly granite, but includes other stone types commonly found in the vicinity. The exterior surfaces of the stone have been worked to some degree, and the gaps have been pointed with sandy mortar.</p><br>
<p>This bridge was built about 1810, and is of a type that were once quite common in the state, and were typically found in clusters where skilled stone masons lived. The critical elements of the arch would have been built by such a mason, while the rubble fill and other elements of the work would have been done by lesser skilled labor. This bridge, while significantly older, is stylistically similar to the early 20th-century bridges of James Otis Follett, found in the Townshend area of Windham County.</p><br>
<p>The Chapin School is a historic former school building at 40 Meadow Street in Chicopee, Massachusetts. Built in 1899 and enlarged over the following 15 years, it is a prominent local example of Classical Revival architecture, and exemplifies city planning of the period, having been designed with growth in mind. The building, now converted to residences for homeless veterans, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Chapin School building is located in the Willimansett area of northern Chicopee, on a triangular parcel bounded on the east by Meadow Street and the west by Chicopee Street (Massachusetts Route 116). It is a 2-1/2 story brick structure with three sections. The central section, the oldest portion of the building, is flanked on its left (west) by a similarly-sized section that butts directly against it, and has a second such section on the right, to which it is joined by a full-height hyphen. The right sections are covered by dormered hip roofs, while that of the left section is flat. Some building corners are pilastered, and the right sections each have entrances recessed in rectangular openings. A stringcourse of rusticated red stone separates the elevated basement from the ground floor. Windows on the first floor have red stone lintels and sills, while the third-floor windows have stone sills and brick soldier headers with central stone keystones.</p><br>
<p>The school was built in 1899 to a design by Holyoke architect George P.B. Alderman, and was named for the areas first English settlers, Jophet and Henry Chapin. Its construction was done by the city in response to the 1898 completion of the nearby Holyoke-Willimansett Bridge, which city planners expected to increase development in the area. Originally staffed by just three teachers, it had by 1915 grown to have seventeen, and it was the citys largest school. It served the city until 1995, when it was closed after fairview elementary opened. It then housed an alternative school into the early 2000s. It has now been converted into a cooperative residential complex for homeless veterans.</p><br>
<p>Ardverikie House is a 19th-century Scottish baronial house in Kinloch Laggan, Newtonmore, Inverness-shire, Scottish Highlands. The house was made famous as the fictional Glenbogle estate in the BBC series Monarch of the Glen.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The lands historically belonged to Clan Macpherson. The 20th chief, Ewen Macpherson, leased Benalder and Ardverikie in 1844 to the Marquess of Abercorn, "one of the trend setters in the emerging interest in deer stalking in Scotland." The Marquess expanded the original shooting lodge. He served as Groom of the Stool to Prince Albert, husband of Queen Victoria, who along with the prince spent three weeks at Ardverikie in the late summer of 1847.</p><br>
<p>In 1860, Abercorn transferred the lease to Lord Henry Bentinck, another stalking enthusiast, who lived there until his death in 1870.</p><br>
<p>Sir John Ramsden purchased the Ardverikie and Benalder forests in 1871 for £107,500 (approximately £6.5m today). In 1873, the house was destroyed by fire, and was rebuilt from 1874 to 1878. It was rebuilt in the popular style of Scottish baronial architecture, designed by John Rhind.</p><br>
<p>Ramsdens son, Sir John Frecheville Ramsden, inherited the lands after his fathers death in 1914. The majority of the land was sold off following the two World Wars, and in 1956 Sir John transferred the Ardverikie estate to a family company under the chairmanship of his son, Sir William Pennington-Ramsden. The company, Ardverikie Estate Limited, still owns and manages the estate today. The estate does business renting cottages and letting the property for weddings.</p><br>
<h2>Film and television location</h2><br>
<p>The estate and Ardverikie House have been used as a location for filming. It is most recognizable as the Glenbogle estate in the BBC series Monarch of the Glen, that ran for seven seasons from 2000 to 2005. It was also used in the series Outlander,and the films Mrs Brown and Salmon Fishing in the Yemen.</p><br>
<p>The Whitney Farm is a historic farm property at 215 Whitneyville Road in Appleton, Maine. Encompassing more than 200 acre of land in Appleton and Searsmont, the farm exemplifies the evolutionary history of farm properties in the Mid Coast region, with a variety of outbuildings reflective of changing trends in agriculture, and a c. 1825 farmstead that was not fitted for electricity or indoor plumbing until 2008. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Whitney Farm property is located in eastern Appleton and western Searsmont, a rural inland area of Mid Coast Maine. The farmstead is located in Appleton, about 0.5 mi downslope on the north side of Appleton Ridge. The farm property consists of a series of fields and woodlots, and is partly divided by Whitney Bog, which straddles the town line. The farmstead is a closely grouped collection of buildings at the northeastern end of Whitneyville Road, the access road to the property from Appleton Ridge Road. The main house is a c. 1825 Cape style wood frame building, with its exterior clad in a combination of clapboards and wooden shingles. Brick chimneys rise at the center of the main block, and in one of two single-story gabled ells that project from it. North of the house stands the barn, dating to the first half of the 19th century, from which a single-story series of garage bays projects southward. A second outbuilding was called the cooper shop by members of the Whitney family; it has two sections, one dating to c. 1900, and the other of older but uncertain age. This building also saw historical use as a chicken coop. Also to the east of the house is a long and rectangular poultry house. Two distinctive surviving outbuildings are a corn crib and ice house, both relatively unusual survivors in rural Maine.</p><br>
<p>This farm property was first settled about 1825 by John Tole, and was basically a subsistence farm in its early years. It remained as a diversified farm, growing in size with the success of several owners in the second half of the 19th century, and was purchased in 1878 by Martha and Hezekiah Whitney, whose descendants would own the property into the 21st century. Burton Whitney, of the second generation, was predominantly a cooper, producing barrels for potato farming businesses of Aroostook County, but specialized the farm into poultry.</p><br>
<p>The Waterville Opera House and City Hall is a historic civic building at Castonguay Square  in downtown Waterville, Maine. Built at the turn of the 20th century, it is one of a small number of multifunction civic buildings, housing both a live performance venue and municipal facilities, functions it continues to perform today. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Waterville Opera House and City Hall stands in downtown Waterville, at the northwest corner of Common and Front Streets. Its main facade faces south, and is separated from Common Street by a parking area and Castonguay Square, which extends on the north side of Common Street between Main and Front Streets. The hall is a large three-story brick building with Colonial Revival styling. The main facade is nine bays wide, with the center three projecting slightly. The municipal offices are accessed via an entrance at the center of the projecting, set recessed in a round-arch opening and flanked by windows in similar openings, with access gained by a flights of side-facing stairs due to an elevated basement. Second-floor windows are tall and have rounded tops, while the third floor has very short windows. Stone stringcourses separate the granite basement from the first floor, and the first from the second. The opera house is accessed via an entrance on the building&#39;s west side. The building interior houses municipal offices in the basement and first floor, while the upper levels are taken up by the facilities of the opera house, which include a lobby, large auditorium, and backstage area. The auditorium features original period Baroque plasterwork, and a painted curtain.</p><br>
<p>The building is a fine example of a somewhat common trend in Maine&#39;s municipalities at the turn of the 20th century, the construction of a multipurpose building housing both city offices and a performance and meeting venue. This hall was designed by George G. Adams of Lawrence, Massachusetts, and was built between 1898 and 1902. It has hosted local functions including amateur theatrical productions, as well as touring theatrical productions. After World War II it became popular as a movie venue, but has recently seen a resurgence of interest in live events.</p><br>
